Sentences with phrase «change in emissions»

Both of these examples demonstrate the importance of testing and verifying any assumed change in emissions from the deployment of safety and self - driving technology as emissions reductions are anything but certain.
Nonetheless, economists do their best to make a range of reasonable estimates for plausible futures and calculate the resulting changes in emissions.
Provides an overview of emission trends and discusses the primary drivers for changes in emissions.
«This research illustrates the growing ability to make estimates of air quality impacts of small changes in emissions,» said David Keith, the Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics and Professor of Public Policy and co-author of that paper.
Absolute change in emissions between 2014 and either 1990 or 2005 (left).
«These well - intentioned advocates mistakenly focus on the short - term change in emissions among participating countries,» he said, pointing, for example, to the 5.2 percent cuts to pollution required over 10 years from some developed countries under the Kyoto Protocol.
The MIT group paid especially close attention to how changes in emissions caused by policy translate into improvements in local and regional air quality, using comprehensive models of both the economy and the atmosphere.
As I said in my previous essay, these well - intentioned advocates mistakenly focus on the short - term change in emissions among participating countries (for example, the much - heralded 5.2 % cut by the Annex I countries in the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period), when it is the long - term change in global emissions that matters.
While the imposition of such a high price on carbon emissions is outside the realm of short - term political feasibility, a price of that magnitude is not required to engender a large change in emissions trajectory.
While the imposition of such a high price on carbon emissions is outside the realm of short - term political feasibility, a price of that magnitude is not required to engender a large change in emissions trajectory.
Our current research focuses on how changes in emissions of these compounds or their precursors influence climate, how changes in climate influence both emissions and atmospheric lifetimes of these compounds, and how changes in their abundance in the atmosphere influences society by affecting human health and ecosystem productivity.
However, as different interventions are incrementally pursued in electricity systems, the resulting marginal change in emissions may differ from what one would predict based on system - average conditions.
The study finds that conventional fossil fuel company business models could be woefully behind the curve due to, for example, underestimating changes in emissions policy, technological advances or energy efficiency gains that can cause dramatic changes in demand trends.
In cases where a regulatory proposal deals with carbon emissions (e.g. regulation of emissions from vehicles or coal - fired power plants), SCC is used to express the monetary value of changes in emission amounts.
On page 760 of this issue, McDonald et al. (3) report that a notable change in emissions may be underway in U.S. cities, with effects on secondary pollutants such as organic aerosols.
Proponents say that today energy utilities find greater benefit in a technology that puts the financial risk up front, in the construction cost, and has little vulnerability to later swings in the price of fuel, as natural gas does, or to changes in emissions regulations, as coal faces.
The paper says: «We used the theory of planned behavior to create a social model to link perceived risk from climate change to changes in emissions behaviors
The Police Interceptor engine calibration includes a slightly higher idle speed (by approximately 40 rpm) and minor changes in the emissions settings.
The most encouraging thing for me to come from this paper is not the variance in percieved GHG and related forcing levels that may or may not constitute Dangerous Anthropogenic Interference, but the acknowledgement of the rate of change in emissions due to fuel price increases and the exponential growth of public awareness.
However nations choose to implement a crash program, one thing is clear, a crash approach, which necessitates precipitous changes in emissions and infrastructure, will be much more economically disruptive than a proactive approach which can be phased in over a longer time horizon.
Is there a way to look with confidence and see if these mechanisms that are proposed, which ones would actually, really, concretely give you the best chance at making changes in emissions trajectories?
This chart uses historical GHG emissions data and the targets and timetables in submitted pre-2020 pledges (for 2020 reductions) and INDCs to estimate the average annual change in emissions (decarbonization rate) from 2020 - 2030.
The same approach has accurately estimated year - to - year changes in emissions over the past six years (see table, below).
Incorporating all primary effects (intended changes in emissions caused by the project) and significant secondary effects (unintended emissions caused by the project).
• In addition, the IPCC methodology (and emissions reduction scenarios generally) implies that climate change is a linear event, where predictable changes in emission levels will have predictable outcomes and impacts.
Frankly, it's now clear that the CPRS is simply an excuse to pay off the big polluters while achieving purely token changes in emissions.
As a result of future changes in emissions, the CH4 steady - state lifetime simulated by 25 state - of - the - art CTMs increases by 2.7 ± 2.3 % in 2030 from an ensemble mean of 8.7 ± 1.3 years for the present day (mean ± 1 standard deviation) for a current legislation scenario of future emissions of ozone precursors.
Hence the evolution of the CH4 lifetime depends on the relative timing of NOx and hydrocarbon emission changes in the emission scenarios, causing the calculated CH4 increase in 2100 to be reduced by 27 % when climate change is considered.
An interesting recent study from the University of Michigan and Ford Motor Company lays out the details of the likely changes in emissions from using an AV system on both electric and gasoline cars.
States like Texas with a large power demand showed high emissions of all pollutants, but smaller changes in emissions per degree Celsius.
Provides a broad overview of all U.S. greenhouse gas emission sources and sinks, introduces key concepts, and discusses the primary drivers for changes in emissions.
Since the combustion of fossil fuel is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, changes in emissions from fossil fuel combustion have historically been the dominant factor affecting total U.S. emission trends.
These well - intentioned advocates mistakenly focus on the short - term change in emissions among participating countries (for example, the much - heralded 5.2 % cut by the Annex I countries in the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period), when it is the long - term change in global emissions that matters.
The researchers investigated many variants of the most - common emitter molecule by swapping out elements and testing the resulting changes in emission.
The calculated future SOA burden change, from 0.8 Tg at present to 2.0 Tg in the future, is driven by changes in emissions, oxidant levels and pre-existing particles.
Thus, changes in the emissions of short - lived gases can generate long - lived perturbations as shown in global models (Derwent et al., 2001; Wild et al., 2001; Collins et al., 2002).
For Wigley, the proper course of action is not yet clear, since he can not determine if the change in the emissions profile between coal and natural gas is worth the expenditure.
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