Sentences with phrase «change on regional scales»

They are less thorough at simulating changes on a regional scale.

I would not dispute 100 - 300 year oscillations as a possibility, but my reading of the climate records reveals no evidence for a significant role for such oscillations — or at least, no role substantial enough on a global scale to have created a discernible signal outside of changes occasioned by solar variations, volcanism, and other known entities (changes on a regional scale are a very different matter and may have involved such oscillations).

Not exact matches

The major banks tended to scale back their regional presence, in response to the cost pressures on them after the events of the early 1990s, and the changing economics of branch banking which became apparent as financial liberalisation proceeded.

Once considered remote and disconnected, now we know that changes within the Arctic can have a direct impact on the rest of the world, affecting physical and biological systems near and far at regional and global scales.

To solve this problem, Pielke suggested measuring environmental variables from a regional scale up to a global scale as a more inclusive way to assess environmental risks than the top - down approach used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Building on this research, the Union of Concerned Scientists is now collaborating with leading scientists who study climate change consequences at a regional scale and beyond.

January 2004: «Directions for Climate Research» Here, ExxonMobil outlines areas where it deemed more research was necessary, such as «natural climate variability, ocean currents and heat transfer, the hydrological cycle, and the ability of climate models to predict changes on a regional and local scale.»

New research published this week in the Journal of Climate reveals that one key measurement — large - scale upper - ocean temperature changes caused by natural cycles of the ocean — is a good indicator of regional coastal sea level changes on these decadal timescales.

These programs focus on climate, aerosol and cloud physics; global and regional scale modeling; integrated assessment of global change; and complex regional meteorology and chemistry.

Seen from that perspective the regional change becomes part of changes on a much larger scale, even though proximate causes are by definition always local.

1993 Greenland ice cores suggest that great climate changes (at least on a regional scale) can occur in the space of a single decade.

The new research is a regional climate study of historical sea level pressures, winds and temperatures over the eastern Pacific Ocean and draws no conclusions about climate change on a global scale.

Ocean salinity changes, while unimportant for sea level at the global scale, can have an effect on regional sea level (e.g., Antonov et al., 2002; Ishii et al., 2006; Section 5.5.3).

What's the latest view on the ability of GCMs to capture regional scale changes?

Can the models provide skillful predictions of changes in regional climate statistics on multi-decadal time scales?»

Global and regional climate models have not demonstrated skill at predicting regional and local climate change and variability on multi-decadal time scales.

More recent assessments combining global - and regional - scale analysis, impacts of climate change on growing periods and agricultural systems, and possible livelihood implications, have also been examined (Jones and Thornton, 2003; Huntingford et al., 2005; Thornton et al., 2006).

Contribution from working group I to the fifth assessment report by IPCC TS.5.4.1 Projected Near - term Changes in Climate Projections of near - term climate show small sensitivity to Green House Gas scenarios compared to model spread, but substantial sensitivity to uncertainties in aerosol emissions, especially on regional scales and for hydrological cycle variables.

The suggestion that skillful decadal forecasts can be produced on large regional scales by exploiting the response to anthropogenic forcing provides additional evidence that anthropogenic change in the composition of the atmosphere has influenced the climate.

... «When you hear a phrase like he said, «the highest ever,» you know, «off the charts,» «record setting,» that's a good sign that on top of a whatever local weather patterns there are or regional like El Nino, global warming, fossil fuel driven climate change is putting its finger on the scale and juicing the atmosphere and causing the even bigger weather event than you would have otherwise seen.»

They can either ignore the failings of their downscaling approach when applied to multi-decadal regional climate change impact studies and continue to mislead those communities, or they can reassess and focus on the quantification of the predictability of regional climate statistics and their changes on different time and space scales.

They clearly have not «proved» skill at predicting in a hindcast mode, changes in climate statistics on the regional scale, and even in terms of the global average surface temperature trend, in recent years they have overstated the positive trend.

If they continue to mislead, however, without quantifying their level of skill at predicting changes in regional climate statistics on multi-decadal time scales, they are not being honest to the impact and policy communities.

To present regional multi-decadal climate projections to the impact communities as part of their driving forces and boundary conditions (for their models and process studies), when there is NO skill on this time scale at predicting changes in climate statistics, is a serious misleading application of the scientific method.

(C) develop and evaluate tools to adaptively manage and monitor the effects of climate change on fish and wildlife at national, regional, and local scales; and

(A) coordinate programs at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to ensure the timely production and distribution of data and information on global, national, regional, and local climate variability and change over all time scales relevant for planning and response, including intraseasonal, interannual, decadal, and multidecadal time periods;

The model must also provide accurate predictions of changes in climatic conditions (i.e. the climatic statistics) on the regional and local scale?

It is not the pure prediction of the (regional) trends that is aimed for (type 4), but the occurrence of certain (relevant) weather types conditioned on an assumed change in the large scale forcing.

I think we should conclude that we agree on the fact that on shorter (decadal) time scales GCM / RCM have shown little regional skill to predict / hindcast observed changes.

That's important because many of the impacts of climate change on people, societies, infrastructure, industry, and ecosystems are the result of interactions between humans, nature, and specifically climate and weather, at the regional scale.

Such circulation changes are the main cause of variations in climate elements on a regional scale, sometimes mediated by parallel changes in the land surface (IPCC, 1990, 1996).

The table that accompanies the above passage from the IPCC's report, captioned «Extreme weather and climate events: global - scale assessment of recent observed changes, human contribution to the changes, and projected further changes for the early (2016 — 2035) and late (2081 — 2100) 21 st century `'» has the following entries for «Increases in intensity and / or duration of drought»: under changes observed since 1950, «low confidence on a global scale, likely changes in some regions `'» [emphasis added]; and under projected changes for the late 21 st century, «likely (medium confidence) on a regional to global scale».

Methodological advances since the TAR have focused on exploring the effects of different ways of downscaling from the climate model scale to the catchment scale (e.g., Wood et al., 2004), the use of regional climate models to create scenarios or drive hydrological models (e.g., Arnell et al., 2003; Shabalova et al., 2003; Andreasson et al., 2004; Meleshko et al., 2004; Payne et al., 2004; Kay et al., 2006b; Fowler et al., 2007; Graham et al., 2007a, b; Prudhomme and Davies, 2007), ways of applying scenarios to observed climate data (Drogue et al., 2004), and the effect of hydrological model uncertainty on estimated impacts of climate change (Arnell, 2005).

NEON is designed to enable the research community to ask and address their own questions on a regional to continental scale around the environmental challenges identified as relevant to understanding the effects of climate change, land - use change and invasive species patterns on the biosphere.

Building on this research, the Union of Concerned Scientists is now collaborating with leading scientists who study climate change consequences at a regional scale and beyond.

On a regional scale, these parameters strongly impact on weather and climate in Europe, determining precipitation patterns and strengths, as well as changes in temperature and wind patternOn a regional scale, these parameters strongly impact on weather and climate in Europe, determining precipitation patterns and strengths, as well as changes in temperature and wind patternon weather and climate in Europe, determining precipitation patterns and strengths, as well as changes in temperature and wind patterns.

However, on a time scale of a few years to a few decades ahead, future regional changes in weather patterns and climate, and the corresponding impacts, will also be strongly influenced by natural unforced climate variations.

Mean sea level (MSL) evolution has a direct impact on coastal areas and is a crucial index of climate change since it reflects both the amount of heat added in the ocean and the mass loss due to land ice melt (e.g. IPCC, 2013; Dieng et al., 2017) Long - term and inter-annual variations of the sea level are observed at global and regional scales.

It also shifts funding that might have gone directly to communities to governments and non-governmental organizations focused on tackling large - scale climate change, according to Govan, which leaves communities less prepared to adapt to everything from regional problems such as resource degradation to climate change more broadly.

However, the need to define outside influences on land use in regional - scale models, such as global trade, remains a challenge (e.g., Sands and Edmonds, 2005; Alcamo et al., 2006b), so IAMs have an important role to play in characterising the global boundary conditions for regional land - use change assessments (van Meijl et al., 2006).

Climate on the regional scale has been overwhelmingly presumed to drive these changes, with little attention paid to the possible effects of competition.

Regarding the statement that scientific questions about climate change have been resolved, Bolin observed that «considerably more research is required to fully clarify and interpret what is happening to climate, especially on a regional scale, and how changes will affect human societies over the years to come.»

Regarding the substance of the comment attributed to Mr. Wirth, namely that scientific questions about climate change have been resolved, considerably more research is required to fully clarify and interpret what is happening to climate, especially on a regional scale, and how changes will affect human societies over the years to come.

Process - based studies have focused on understanding the role of the land surface on climate, with research looking into the regional impact of historical or hypothetical (future scenario) land - use change on climate, as well as understanding diurnal - scale relationships between surface fluxes of heat and moisture and subsequent atmospheric processes such as convection and the generation of precipitation.

Climate models, unfortunately, are still unable to provide skillful predictions of changes in regional climate statistics on multi-decadal time scales at the detail desired by the impacts communities.

In view of the multiple modes and periods of internal variability in the ocean, it is likely that we have not detected the full scale of internal variability effects on regional and global sea level change.

The effects of land - use change on species through landscape fragmentation at the regional scale may further exacerbate impacts from climate change (Holman et al., 2005a; Del Barrio et al., 2006; Harrison et al., 2006; Rounsevell et al., 2006).

Among the issues reviewed were: • The prospects for air pollution and climate change in the region up to 2030 in the absence of action on SLCPs; • The potential contribution of SLCP mitigation to climate, health and food security, and more generally to economic development; • Feasible mitigation technologies and strategies and opportunities for their implementation at national scale; • The relationship of SLCP mitigation to broader regional air pollution and climate strategies and their benefit for the MENA region.

The impact of land use change on the energy and water balance may be very significant for climate at regional scales over time periods of decades or longer.

Unfortunately, the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment did not sufficiently acknowledge the importance of these other human climate forcings in altering regional and global climate and their effects on predictability at the regional scale.»