Not exact matches
Objective 4: Describe 3 anatomic
changes associated with breast tissue
differentiation during pregnancy.
It has been particularly difficult to measure
changes in electrical functions of cells grown within Organ Chips that are normally electrically active, such as neuronal cells in the brain or beating heart cells, both
during their
differentiation and in response to drugs.
The new technique could also be useful in understanding how stem cells
change oxidation properties
during differentiation into other cell types.
The scientists conclude that the study reveals an essential function for CTCF in the orchestration of transcriptional
changes during the terminal
differentiation of B lymphocytes and advances understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the immune response.
We notably follow the time course of structural
changes in response to cues that affect gene expression either transiently or permanently:
changes in genome structure
during transient hormonal response of differentiated cells and stable trans -
differentiation of B cells to macrophages.
Recent studies have started to map the gene - wide chromatin interactions in the interphase nucleus, revealing some principles of chromosome organization into territories, and dramatic
changes of chromatin organization and interactions
during differentiation and lineage specification.
Endogenous optical signals reveal
changes of elastin and collagen organization
during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.
The application of transgenesis and other genetic methods - in conjunction with total genome sequence and database information on gene expression patterns, morphological
changes during development, and mutant phenotypes - should significantly enhance our ability to unravel the multilayered networks that control gene expression and
differentiation.
These include: a) Global Clusters that consist of a small, tight subset of genes that are co-expressed under the entire spectrum of experimental conditions; b) Time Series of gene expression profiles
during successive days of standard ES cell
differentiation; c) Specific Gene Classes based on hierarchical clustering of transcriptional factors and ESTs; d) Expression Waves of genes with characteristic expression profiles
during ES cell
differentiation, juxtaposed to waves of genes that behave in the exact opposite way; e) Pathway Animations that illustrate dynamic
changes in the components of individual KEGG signaling and metabolic pathways viewed in time - related manner; and, f) Search Engines to display the expression pattern of any transcript, or groups of transcripts,
during the course of ES cell
differentiation, or to query the association of candidate genes with various FunGenES database clusters.
During their life, cells undergo
changes such as growth,
differentiation and movement.
To examine the action of individual pathways in toto
during ES cell
differentiation, the FunGenES database was given an additional feature called «Pathway Animations» that depict dynamic
changes in specific genetic, signaling or metabolic pathways viewed in time - related animations based on the KEGG annotation [44], [56].