Sentences with phrase «changes in brain structure»

Neurological changes in brain structure and functions among individuals with a history of childhood sexual abuse: A review.

Specifically, they argue that early changes in brain structure and function following exposure to childhood maltreatment may instantiate increased latent vulnerability to addictive behavior in adolescence and adulthood [30 •].

Childhood maltreatment has been linked to a variety of changes in brain structure and function and stress — responsive neurobiological systems.

Amphetamines causes psychosis, changes in brain structure and function, severe dental health issues, extreme weight loss, and death.

These toxic stress - induced changes in brain structure and function mediate, at least in part, the well - described relationship between adversity and altered life - course trajectories (see Fig 1).4, 6 A hyper - responsive or chronically activated stress response contributes to the inflammation and changes in immune function that are seen in those chronic, noncommunicable diseases often associated with childhood adversity, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cirrhosis, type II diabetes, depression, and cardiovascular disease.4, 6 Impairments in critical SE, language, and cognitive skills contribute to the fractured social networks often associated with childhood adversity, like school failure, poverty, divorce, homelessness, violence, and limited access to healthcare.4, 19,58 — 60 Finally, behavioral allostasis, or the adoption of potentially maladaptive behaviors to deal or cope with chronic stress, begins to explain the association between childhood adversity and unhealthy lifestyles, like alcohol, tobacco, and substance abuse, promiscuity, gambling, and obesity.4, 6,61 Taken together, these 3 general classes of altered developmental outcomes (unhealthy lifestyles, fractured social networks, and changes in immune function) contribute to the development of noncommunicable diseases and encompass many of the morbidities associated epidemiologically with childhood adversity.4, 6

One final example is the prefrontal cortex, which is thought to play an important role in regulating behavior by suppressing impulses and emotions arising from the amygdala and other parts of the limbic system.50 — 52 In animal studies, exposure to chronic stress or glucocorticoids alters the synaptic connectivity within the prefrontal cortex, 52,53 and this may limit the ability of the prefrontal cortex to (1) suppress the impulsivity and aggression of the limbic system, and (2) execute adaptive responses (rather than maladaptive responses) to stress.54 — 56 Stress - induced changes in brain structure parallel the well - described impact of significant childhood adversity on a variety of brain functions, including the modulation of physiologic responses (hyper - responsive or chronically active stress response), learning (impaired memory), and the regulation of behavior (the ability to execute adaptive vs maladaptive responses to stress).3, 39,57

Atypical cortisol production in young children can result in measurable changes in brain structure and decreased brain volume.

Is there evidence that the effects of these experiences are due to changes in brain structure and function?

Regular physical activity is especially important in older adults since aging — combined with oxidative stress and inflammation — promotes changes in brain structure and function (33, 34).

«This study demonstrates that changes in brain structure may underlie some of these reported improvements and that people are not just feeling better because they are spending time relaxing.»

â $ œWe believe that imaging technology may help us find the signature changes in brain structure that are specific to MCI,» Â says Felicia Goldstein, PhD, associate professor of neurology.

Dr. Blüml and colleagues have been studying preterm infants to learn more about how premature birth might cause changes in brain structure that may be associated with clinical problems observed later in life.

Humans are considered uniquely susceptible to Alzheimer's disease, potentially due to genetic differences, changes in brain structure and function during evolution, and an increased lifespan.

Neither a control group nor children who did not respond to treatment exhibited changes in brain structure.»

However, the Nottingham team — which also includes researchers from the Institute of Mental Health — believe it is more likely that tics improve as a result of the changes in brain structure and function that occur during adolescence.

It's possible that millions of years of flightless living created gradual changes in the brain structure.

In her developmental psychology work at Yale University, she studied the role of maternal care in childhood on mothers» brain and changes in brain structure among mothers during the first few months postpartum.

Sadly, much of the work focuses on children who have been exposed to neglect where high levels of stress hormones coupled with minimum adult interaction has resulted in permanent changes in their brain structure leading to impaired emotional wellbeing and difficulty in adjusting to stress and anxiety in adulthood (Rutter 1989 et al).

If oxytocin levels are too low, stress results in elevated levels of cortisol, which can cause changes in brain structure in response to stress that can lead to symptoms such as high blood pressure.

Following a season of grueling practices and hard - fought games, football and ice hockey players who had no outward sign of head trauma showed worrisome changes in brain structure and cognitive performance that weren't shared by athletes who competed in varsity sports such as track, crew and cross-country skiing, according to a report published Wednesday in the journal Neurology.

Not only socially, but actually mentally because of changes in brain structure.

The science behind food's effect on mood comes down to chemical and physiological changes in our brain structure which can lead to altered behaviour.

All the animals completed a series of cognitive tests at the start of the study and were injected with a substance that allows scientists to track changes in their brain structures.

Changes in those brain structures also correlated with participants» self - reported tendency to act on impulse and with heightened use of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine.

Attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) involve pathological changes in brain structures such as the basal ganglia, which are essential for the control of motor and cognitive behavior and impulsivity.

According to Prensky, one of the more radical consequences of this technology - rich environment is a hypothesized change in the brain structure that means young people think, use and process information [2] in different ways compared to older generations, the digital immigrants.

Not exact matches

While the results can't conclusively prove that all those second screens are causing the changes to the brain (differences in brain structure could also lead people to be more likely to multitask), the researchers suggest that the results should nonetheless serve as a red flag for fans of multiple devices while further studies are carried out to test causality.

That requires the changes in all three structures to change at the same time in such a manner to make the change in the eye usable to the changes in the brain.

While particular structures of the brain can be seen in terms of their evolutionary heritage, the functions of many of these structures have changed and are much more complicated than previously thought.

Other research indicates that teenage marijuana use may adversely impact the developing brain: it has been linked to changes in neural structure and function, including lower IQ, as well as an increased risk of psychosis in vulnerable individuals.

She demonstrated that early experience leads to lasting changes in the molecular structure of the brain and discovered a gene involved in the spread of brain cancer cells into healthy brain tissue.

«By studying how education changes the brain, we can find out how this uniquely human experience induces change in both brain structure and function — something we can not do with animal models.»

The results suggest that practicing yoga in the long - term can change the structure of your brain and could protect against cognitive decline in old age.

Now, researchers have discovered that the drug changes the firing patterns of cells in a pea - size structure hidden away in the center of the brain.

«We found that if you have a higher functioning dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the imbalance in these deeper brain structures is not expressed as changes in mood or anxiety,» Hariri said.

As brain structures grow and mature, water diffusion in the gray matter and white matter also changes in recognizable patterns, allowing researchers to track how the tissue is developing, and at what rate, he said.

These disorders are associated with changes to the brain structure: for example, the hippocampus in the temporal lobe is usually smaller in affected individuals than in healthy ones.

People who learn to play musical instruments can expect their brains to change in structure and function.

Even short - term blockages of this kind can lead to remarkable changes in the auditory system, altering the behavior and structure of nerve cells that relay information from the ear to the brain, according to a new University at Buffalo study.

Dr. Vállez García and the team are now considering what to look at next, such as inflammation in the brain or changes in the structure of other functional regions.

Assessing the impact of brain anatomy on pain reduction, Bushnell said gray matter changes in the insula or internal structures of the cerebral cortex are most significant for pain tolerance.

A team of scientists has linked changes in the structure of a handful of central brain neurons to understanding how animals adjust to changing seasons.

In the past decade, researchers have used mouse models to unravel how cellular changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain structure involved in action selection associated with arousal and reward, may contribute to addiction - related behavioIn the past decade, researchers have used mouse models to unravel how cellular changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain structure involved in action selection associated with arousal and reward, may contribute to addiction - related behavioin the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain structure involved in action selection associated with arousal and reward, may contribute to addiction - related behavioin action selection associated with arousal and reward, may contribute to addiction - related behavior.

The work, which appears in the journal Cell, focuses on the regulation of «neuronal plasticity» — changes in neuronal structure — and its function in the brain.

The size of the brain's ventricles — cerebrospinal fluid - filled spaces deep within the brain — became progressively larger during the course of treatment, and changes were also seen within the subventricular zone, one of two structures in which new brain cells are generated in adults.

Previous studies by this group, and many others, have shown short - term increases in self - reported anxiety when digitally - dependent people have their digital devices removed, and longer - term increases in their depression and loneliness, as well as changes to actual brain structures and capability to fight infections in some.

It might sound like bad news, implying that autism is rooted in such a fundamental change to the structure of the brain that there's no hope of undoing it.

More recently, brain scans have directly linked these conditions with changes in levels of neurotransmitters — chemicals that convey messages across neurons — or alterations in the number or structure of neurons in different brain areas.

Scientists have predicted that these changes in structure could elicit a pleasurable reward response in the brain.

The atlas was able to pinpoint changes in patients» brain structure that can be an underlying sign of the condition, researchers say.