Sentences with phrase «changes in cell type»

Rutgers University scientists have discovered the three - dimensional structure of a gene - specific transcription activation complex, providing the first structural and mechanistic description of the process cells use to turn on, or activate, specific genes in response to changes in cell type, developmental state and environment.

Not exact matches

Extracts from this garlic even protected cells in a laboratory dish from certain types of damage.13 This isn't really surprising when you consider the nutritional changes that typically occur in plants when they sprout.

«It's not always changes in the DNA itself, but how the DNA is «decorated» to turn the genes on and off — called epigenetics — that can determine cell type.

«This is exactly the technology you could use to look for epigenomic changes in specific cell types,» says Martienssen, who is also on the International Human Epigenome Consortium's steering committee.

The project's goals were to explore and describe the range of epigenetic changes that take place in bone marrow as stem cells develop into different types of mature blood cell.

As the heart starts pumping a primitive blood - like fluid around the body of an embryo, the change in pressure from the flowing liquid is the cue for cells lining the aorta to change first into blood stem cells, then into all blood - cell types in the body.

Using a mathematical model known as the Ising model, invented to describe phase transitions in statistical physics, such as how a substance changes from liquid to gas, the Johns Hopkins researchers calculated the probability distribution of methylation along the genome in several different human cell types, including normal and cancerous colon, lung and liver cells, as well as brain, skin, blood and embryonic stem cells.

Plath's team found that the changes that happen in cells during reprogramming occur in a sequential stage - by - stage manner, and that importantly, the stages were the same across all the different reprogramming systems and different cell types analyzed.

«This reflects how cells do not like to change from one specialized cell type to another and resist a change in cell identity,» said Pasque.

They found that after 180 days neither dose led to measurable changes in the soil's mix of DNA and molecules found in bacterial cell walls (which reveals the amount and types of bacteria present), its levels of nutrients or rate of CO2 formation — the latter of which reflects how well the bacteria are utilizing oxygen.

«Disturbances to these processes may cause neuronal stem cells to develop into different types of cells or may cause neurons to migrate to different locations in the brain, changing neuronal circuitry and potentially leading to behavioral disorders like schizophrenia.»

Identifying changes in the mitochondrial DNA in PPN cholinergic neurons has the potential to allow the development of more effective treatments targeted to specific cell - types.

The new technique could also be useful in understanding how stem cells change oxidation properties during differentiation into other cell types.

Each cell type can be distinguished based on its transcription factors, and a cell can in certain cases be directly converted from one type to another, simply by changing the expression of one or more transcription factors.

The simulations revealed that two types of changes to the cells in these nephrons can results in cysts, both related to how cells stick together.

They found that the number of copies of lncRNA genes on a chromosome consistently change in 12 different cancer types and lncRNA genes are widely expressed in cancer cells.

The research, published in the journal Scientific Reports, shows for the first time that the way in which fat is made within the body is not «pre-programmed» during the early years of development as previously thought but even in adulthood cells can be influenced by our environment to change the type of fat that is formed.

Of the 80 ribosomal proteins examined, 31 changed protein levels in at least one cell type, Barna said.

Tavazoie points out that «it is remarkable that within a single cell type, synonymous changes in genetic sequence can dramatically affect the levels of specific proteins, their transcripts, and the way a cell behaves.»

She hopes to pinpoint which genes are expressed in each cell type when brain cells make long distance connections, and to make similar maps in other primates to chart what changed as brains rewired over the course of evolution.

In addition, they also counted the numbers of various types of single - celled organisms called testate amoebae, whose population changes depending on the amount of water in the bog, giving an indication of how wet or dry the climate was during different periodIn addition, they also counted the numbers of various types of single - celled organisms called testate amoebae, whose population changes depending on the amount of water in the bog, giving an indication of how wet or dry the climate was during different periodin the bog, giving an indication of how wet or dry the climate was during different periods.

Aging is a key risk factor for sAML because, over time, hematopoietic stem cells (which give rise to all other blood cell types) accumulate DNA mutations and changes in other molecules that put DNA instructions into action, such as RNA and proteins.

The team found significant changes in gene expression after light exposure in all cell types in the visual cortex — both neurons and, unexpectedly, nonneuronal cells such as astrocytes, macrophages and muscle cells that line blood vessels in the brain.

With this type of cancer, the genes in the white blood cells affected change slightly, causing two chromosomes to cross.

Looking for immune abnormalities throughout the lifespan of the mice, the group found that most immune system components stayed the same in number, but a type of brain - resident immune cells called microglia that are known first responders to infection begin to divide and change early in the disease.

It is believed to result from a combination of genetics and environmental factors such as irritants and allergens that drive T lymphocytes to produce factors that cause abnormal changes in keratinocytes, the predominant cell type in the outermost layer of skin, as well as changes in other cells in the underlying dermis.

This was the first time a type of stem cell called iPSCs — which possess the ability to change into any cell type in the body — was used in a procedure like this.

Overall, including all genomic variations present in most if not all tumor cells (clonal) as well as those present only in subsets of the cancer cells (subclonal) from tumor tissue, the researchers detected a total of 864 genetic changes in tissue samples across the three tumor types, and 627 (73 %) of those were also found in the blood.

In a study published in Molecular Cell this month, Alexei V. Tulin, PhD, Associate Professor at Fox Chase Cancer Center, and colleagues reported that chemical modification of one type of histone — called H2Av — leads to substantial changes in nucleosome shapIn a study published in Molecular Cell this month, Alexei V. Tulin, PhD, Associate Professor at Fox Chase Cancer Center, and colleagues reported that chemical modification of one type of histone — called H2Av — leads to substantial changes in nucleosome shapin Molecular Cell this month, Alexei V. Tulin, PhD, Associate Professor at Fox Chase Cancer Center, and colleagues reported that chemical modification of one type of histone — called H2Av — leads to substantial changes in nucleosome shapin nucleosome shape.

While many types of immune cells are involved in obesity - induced inflammation, «NK cell modulations do not change any of the other immune cells,» Lee says.

We're manipulating genes in the cell nucleus to produce specific proteins, changing the normal recipe for growth and maturation, and transforming adult cells into a new type of cell with the ability to morph into any other cell type,» said Cooke, senior author and chair of the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences.

They discovered that earwax type was determined by a change in just one DNA nucleotide in a gene called ABCC11, which was previously found to code for a protein involved in transporting molecules across cell membranes.

Islet amyloid, increased A-cells, reduced B - cells and exocrine fibrosis: quantitative changes in the pancreas in type 2 diabetes

Furthermore, they integrated single - cell datasets of pancreatic tissue from humans and mice, thereby identifying 10 cell types that were shared across species and defining the evolutionary changes occurring in each group.

«Our data reveals, in exquisite resolution, that the conversation between cells of different types changes the cells in a way that likely mimics what is going on during human development,» said Treutlein at Max Planck.

It has long been suspected that changes to cells of the monocyte / macrophage lineage, a type of immune cell, influence the development of cognitive impairment in HIV.

The treatment induced changes in the synthesis of 101 proteins and ELISA analysis revealed a sixfold higher secretion of type II collagen compared to control cells.

We created a thin - film device that operates on the same principle but with two types of solid redox materials that produce a change in the potential difference in the cell over a heating and cooling cycle,» firstauthor Takayuki?Shibata says.

And next - generation sequencing, in particular, RNA sequencing, allows researchers to delineate changing patterns of gene expression as new cell types form.

p85 also is present in insulin - producing pancreatic beta cells, and we will also see if changing the level of p85 in beta cells will make them more resilient when stressed with high insulin demands like those from early type 2 diabetes.»

g (acceleration due to gravity) G (gravitational constant) G star G1.9 +0.3 gabbro Gabor, Dennis (1900 — 1979) Gabriel's Horn Gacrux (Gamma Crucis) gadolinium Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich (1934 — 1968) Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center GAIA Gaia Hypothesis galactic anticenter galactic bulge galactic center Galactic Club galactic coordinates galactic disk galactic empire galactic equator galactic habitable zone galactic halo galactic magnetic field galactic noise galactic plane galactic rotation galactose Galatea GALAXIES galaxy galaxy cannibalism galaxy classification galaxy formation galaxy interaction galaxy merger Galaxy, The Galaxy satellite series Gale Crater Galen (c. 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(1930 ---RRB- Garuda gas gas chromatography gas constant gas giant gas laws gas - bounded nebula gaseous nebula gaseous propellant gaseous - propellant rocket engine gasoline Gaspra (minor planet 951) Gassendi, Pierre (1592 — 1655) gastric juice gastrin gastrocnemius gastroenteritis gastrointestinal tract gastropod gastrulation Gatewood, George D. (1940 ---RRB- Gauer - Henry reflex gauge boson gauge theory gauss (unit) Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777 — 1855) Gaussian distribution Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778 — 1850) GCOM (Global Change Observing Mission) Geber (c. 720 — 815) gegenschein Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882 — 1945) Geiger - Müller counter Giessler tube gel gelatin Gelfond's theorem Gell - Mann, Murray (1929 ---RRB- GEM «gemination,» of martian canals Geminga Gemini (constellation) Gemini Observatory Gemini Project Gemini - Titan II gemstone gene gene expression gene mapping gene pool gene therapy gene transfer General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) general precession general theory of relativity generation ship generator Genesis (inflatable orbiting module) Genesis (sample return probe) genetic code genetic counseling genetic disorder genetic drift genetic engineering genetic marker genetic material genetic pool genetic recombination genetics GENETICS AND HEREDITY Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Program genome genome, interstellar transmission of genotype gentian violet genus geoboard geode geodesic geodesy geodesy satellites geodetic precession Geographos (minor planet 1620) geography GEOGRAPHY Geo - IK geologic time geology GEOLOGY AND PLANETARY SCIENCE geomagnetic field geomagnetic storm geometric mean geometric sequence geometry GEOMETRY geometry puzzles geophysics GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) Geosat geostationary orbit geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous / geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) geosyncline Geotail (satellite) geotropism germ germ cells Germain, Sophie (1776 — 1831) German Rocket Society germanium germination Gesner, Konrad von (1516 — 1565) gestation Get Off the Earth puzzle Gettier problem geyser g - force GFO (Geosat Follow - On) GFZ - 1 (GeoForschungsZentrum) ghost crater Ghost Head Nebula (NGC 2080) ghost image Ghost of Jupiter (NGC 3242) Giacconi, Riccardo (1931 ---RRB- Giacobini - Zinner, Comet (Comet 21P /) Giaever, Ivar (1929 ---RRB- giant branch Giant Magellan Telescope giant molecular cloud giant planet giant star Giant's Causeway Giauque, William Francis (1895 — 1982) gibberellins Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839 — 1903) Gibbs free energy Gibson, Edward G. (1936 ---RRB- Gilbert, William (1544 — 1603) gilbert (unit) Gilbreath's conjecture gilding gill gill (unit) Gilruth, Robert R. 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(1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law of diffusion Graham's number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. 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Studying cancer with single - cell technology will allow us to unlock the interactions between different types of cells in tumors — and monitor how these interactions change over time, affecting patients» outcomes.

Back when stem cells were first extracted from human embryos 20 years ago, scientists were fascinated at their ability to change into any type of cell in the body and thought they would soon be used to treat all types of diseases, from eye disorders to diabetes.

Transient in utero disruption of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator causes phenotypic changes in Alveolar Type II cells in adult rats.

The bags» locations in the genome are similar across cell types, although the bags» contents and roles can change from transcription factors (blue OSN oval) and enhancers (red box) that promote the gene (green) expression (left diagram) or to repressors (right diagram) that inhbit gene expression (gray box).

The researchers found that a specific stem / progenitor cell population was inhibited following radiation in mice missing Nrf2, and that alveolar type 2 cells in these mice were more likely to change into myofibroblasts — a cell type implicated in fibrosis.

University of Tsukuba - based researchers developed a way to recover environmental heat with a new type of thin - film thermoelectric cell, based on two different materials that show changes in their redox potential on cycling of temperature.

The morphological changes manifested in the cell types linked to larger toepads exemplify cell type differentiation that must be controlled by the physiology of reproduction and properly timed nutrient - dependent reproductive sexual behavior, which probably occurs near the location of the higher perches.

In addition, they are developing a new type of imaging test with the goal of isolating changes in the retinal ganglion cells that are first affected in glaucomIn addition, they are developing a new type of imaging test with the goal of isolating changes in the retinal ganglion cells that are first affected in glaucomin the retinal ganglion cells that are first affected in glaucomin glaucoma.

By applying these tools in relevant diseases and cell types we are changing our understanding of the biology of human immune cells.»