Sentences with phrase «changes in cells by»

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These risks and uncertainties include: Gilead's ability to achieve its anticipated full year 2018 financial results; Gilead's ability to sustain growth in revenues for its antiviral and other programs; the risk that private and public payers may be reluctant to provide, or continue to provide, coverage or reimbursement for new products, including Vosevi, Yescarta, Epclusa, Harvoni, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy and Vemlidy ®; austerity measures in European countries that may increase the amount of discount required on Gilead's products; an increase in discounts, chargebacks and rebates due to ongoing contracts and future negotiations with commercial and government payers; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and decreases in treatment duration; availability of funding for state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs); continued fluctuations in ADAP purchases driven by federal and state grant cycles which may not mirror patient demand and may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction of generic versions of Viread and Truvada, an uncertain global macroeconomic environment; and potential amendments to the Affordable Care Act or other government action that could have the effect of lowering prices or reducing the number of insured patients; the possibility of unfavorable results from clinical trials involving investigational compounds; Gilead's ability to initiate clinical trials in its currently anticipated timeframes; the levels of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers which may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; Kite's ability to develop and commercialize cell therapies utilizing the zinc finger nuclease technology platform and realize the benefits of the Sangamo partnership; Gilead's ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates in the timelines currently anticipated; Gilead's ability to receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, for new and current products, including Biktarvy; Gilead's ability to successfully commercialize its products, including Biktarvy; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages of these products over other therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products; Gilead's ability to successfully develop its hematology / oncology and inflammation / respiratory programs; safety and efficacy data from clinical studies may not warrant further development of Gilead's product candidates, including GS - 9620 and Yescarta in combination with Pfizer's utomilumab; Gilead's ability to pay dividends or complete its share repurchase program due to changes in its stock price, corporate or other market conditions; fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate of the U.S. dollar that may cause an unfavorable foreign currency exchange impact on Gilead's future revenues and pre-tax earnings; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead's reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).

A source familiar with the matter said the cell tower addresses were being sent to Google after a change in early 2017 to the Firebase Cloud Messaging service, which is owned by Google and runs on Android phones by default.

Sometimes mutations in DNA can cause changes in the way a cell behaves, as orchestrated by God.

As Bonhoeffer had understood in his prison cell, if brokenness and crisis were to become «that edge where change is possible,» this crisis would have to be sustained by something stronger than the human.

Under Child's theory there is complete continuity from the reaction of the cell with its environment, which constitutes the primary metabolic gradient, and from the later reactions, by which the pattern of the developing embryo is laid down in accordance with the changing gradient pattern, to the intellectual processes by which the adult organism adjusts its relations to the outside world.

Now classified as an assistant scientist and paid by Keely's grants, Ponik continues to conduct her own research identifying cell - signaling changes in cancer metastasis.

«Landmark project shows heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis risk raised by genetic changes in blood cells.»

Other researchers have tried changing cell behavior by creating protein switches from scratch, but Lim's approach — mixing and matching naturally existing proteins — may be more versatile and practical: «It can be useful as a biotechnology device or for repairing cells in humans.

The overlap in gene expression changes when neural progenitor cells are infected by African or Asian strains of Zika virus.

Plath's team found that the changes that happen in cells during reprogramming occur in a sequential stage - by - stage manner, and that importantly, the stages were the same across all the different reprogramming systems and different cell types analyzed.

Feinberg, who is also a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Engineering and Public Health at The Johns Hopkins University, suspected that this variation might be an adaptive feature by which built - in epigenetic randomness would give some cells an advantage in rapidly changing environments.

«This study signals a big change in thinking, because it provides simple and efficient tools for scientists to study stem cell creation in a stage - by - stage manner.

Using human fetal «mini-brains» grown in 3 - D cultures, scientists determined that a specific protein produced by the Zika virus changes the properties of neural stem cells in the developing brain of an infected fetus, potentially causing microcephaly in newborns (Ki - Jun Yoon, abstract 103.06, see attached summary).

Now we know that changes in RNA of the cumulus cells triggered by aging - induced hypoxia, are the key messengers.

Dr Claudia Wellbrock, study author and Cancer Research UK scientist at The University of Manchester and a member of the Manchester Cancer Research Centre, said: «We used to think that cancer cells spread by first specialising in invading other parts of the body and then change in order to grow rapidly.

«By surveying thousands of individual cells, we were able to define the transcriptional landscape of lung - resident ILCs, observing changes in discrete subpopulations,» said Kowalczyk.

Almost all of these pathways work by protein handshakes — one protein «talking» to another in order to, for example, encourage the import of a needed nutrient, to block a compound from accumulating to a toxic level, or to alert the cell's interior to changes in the outside environment.

One would culture thin sheets of meat, seeded by cells from a living animal, on a reusable polymer scaffold; the other would grow meat on small edible beads that stretch with changes in temperature.

«We also found that the bits of gluten that were presented to the T - cells have some changes caused by an enzyme in the body — transglutaminase 2,» says Sollid.

By analyzing chemical changes of the IRS - 2 protein in immortalized cultures of human white blood cells, it determined that IRS - 2 appeared in two different forms — «on,» which allows the signal to pass through, and «off,» which stops the signal from activating the cells into M2 macrophages.

Immunotherapy caused an increase in peanut - specific T cells, accompanied by a change in the distribution of T - cell subtypes over time.

In the human body cells turn genes on and off by means of chemical modifications that change DNA and related proteins.

«There's so much unknown about [stem cells], you permanently change the boundaries of biology by working in such a field,» Hochedlinger says.

«Our studies imply that the change of oxygen levels in different tissues can be sensed by Treg cells and that this process is critically important for maintaining the correct balance between activation and suppression of the immune system,» says Liu.

One recent hypothesis is that changes in how neural crest cells work could lead to common characteristics shared by domestic animals, such as floppy ears, juvenile faces and spotted coats (SN: 8/23/14, p. 7).

Normal SCN cells in the lab keep cycling in synchrony without regard to temperature pulses, but research from another group showed that they could be «reset» by temperature changes if they could no longer signal to each other.

By popping this stick in and out of my mouth for two minutes, I collected cheek cells — certainly a nice change from spitting.

The new device uses light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) to detect the structural changes that occur in cancerous or pre-cancerous cells by bouncing light off tissues and analyzing the reflected spectrum.

And in related experiments, he made tadpoles grow eyes on their stomachs by changing the electrical properties of cells to mimic those associated with eye formation.

The team of researchers, led by yeast cell biologist Susan Lindquist of the University of Chicago, had demonstrated last year that a metabolic trait in yeast called [PSI +] could be passed from one generation to the next without changes in the yeast's DNA.

New experiments by UC Berkeley and UCSF researchers suggest that immortalization of skin cells, which is essential to turning them cancerous, is a two - step process: a mutation in nevus cells slightly raises levels of telomerase, which keep the cells alive long enough for a second change, still unknown, that up - regulates telomerase to make the cells immortal and malignant.

«In the past, we've thought the resistance was caused by genetic changes in tumor cellIn the past, we've thought the resistance was caused by genetic changes in tumor cellin tumor cells.

Metabolic changes, caused by a poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle, trigger's the genetic reprogramming of cells in the body and joints.

The researchers found that the blond hair commonly seen in Northern Europeans is caused by a single change in the DNA that regulates the expression of a gene that encodes a protein called KITLG, also known as stem cell factor.

Each cell type can be distinguished based on its transcription factors, and a cell can in certain cases be directly converted from one type to another, simply by changing the expression of one or more transcription factors.

«The brain along with the reproductive system and every other cell in your body is exquisitely sensitive to exceedingly small changes in estrogen and other sex hormones, and the fact that the environment is full of chemicals that can activate estrogen receptors means this phenomenally sensitive system is being perturbed constantly by environmental factors.»

Seven patients went on to require neurosurgery, which allowed the scientists to investigate in detail changes in the brain brought on by CAR T cell treatment.

These cells are thought to contribute to constancy of the perceived size regardless of changes in distance by conveying certain information about the object's size.

The findings, published Sept. 20 in the Journal of Virology published by the American Society for Microbiology, were publicly revealed almost simultaneously with those from China - based scientists who found a change of a single amino acid made the virus more dangerous to developing brain cells.

The retrograde response pathway is specific to the yeast used in the study and supplies key amino acids to the cell by changing the metabolic process of the mitochondria.

Leptin, which is made by fat cells, is thought to signal the body that it has enough energy in reserve to launch into the growth spurt and other changes of puberty.

Epigenetic changes do not alter the information encoded in the DNA sequence itself but determine whether and to what extent specific genes are used by cells.

These structural changes can be mimicked, when the cells are maintained in culture, by application of serotonin, an endogenous facilitating neurotransmitter in Aplysia.

The function of these genes were involved in molecular maintenance strategies, such as DNA repair, chromosomal maintenance, immune response and programmed cell death The authors argue that the «slower rate of change in these functions is consistent with increased constraint on somatic cell maintenance as would be required in these relatively long - lived and large - bodied mammals, illustrated by the additional large and long - lived species with slower rates in these genes (e.g. double - strand break repair gene XRCC4 is also highly constrained in elephant.»

By measuring changes in the levels of proteins that control each cell death program and by observing the cells» physical changes, the team saw clearly that cocaine causes neuronal cell death through out - of - control autophagBy measuring changes in the levels of proteins that control each cell death program and by observing the cells» physical changes, the team saw clearly that cocaine causes neuronal cell death through out - of - control autophagby observing the cells» physical changes, the team saw clearly that cocaine causes neuronal cell death through out - of - control autophagy.

In their study, Mazzolini and co-workers found that depending on the region of the cell being hit by the light, the electrical response of the nerve changes.

Aware that cancers rewire their metabolism in ways that could change the epigenome and that distant metastases in pancreatic cancer naturally spread to organs fed by a sugar - rich blood supply, the researchers wondered if the tumor cells had altered the way they use the basic form of sugar, glucose.

The research suggests that reducing production of the protein, called myoferlin, affects cancer cells in two primary ways: by changing the activation of many genes involved in metastasis in favor of normal cell behavior, and by altering mechanical properties of cancer cells — including their shape and ability to invade — so they are more likely to remain nested together rather than breaking away to travel to other tissues.

In a study appearing February 18 in Cell Metabolism, researchers link this difference to an epigenetic change in the stressed dad's sperm — a change that they could prevent by blocking the father's stress hormoneIn a study appearing February 18 in Cell Metabolism, researchers link this difference to an epigenetic change in the stressed dad's sperm — a change that they could prevent by blocking the father's stress hormonein Cell Metabolism, researchers link this difference to an epigenetic change in the stressed dad's sperm — a change that they could prevent by blocking the father's stress hormonein the stressed dad's sperm — a change that they could prevent by blocking the father's stress hormones.

«The finding that certain cell signaling lipids change the activity of an oncogenic Ras protein, suggests that we might be able to interfere with tumor progression by inhibiting the enzymes which make the specific cell signaling lipid in cells,» Buck said.