Furthermore, although not in direct relation to the solar - cloud studies, Brest et al. (1997) state that the ISCCP data are not sensitive enough to detect small
changes in cloud cover over long timescales.
A new analysis using
changes in cloud cover over the tropical Indo - Pacific Ocean showed that a weakening of a major atmospheric circulation system over the last century is due, in part, to increased greenhouse gas emissions.
Not exact matches
And polar - orbiting satellites are designed to cross the same spot at the same time each day, which is important for tracking
changes in cloud cover — but
over time, the satellites may drift
in their orbits as they run low on fuel, arriving a bit later each day.
Skate the Sky Film 35 mm film print of
clouds in the sky
covered with ink, Ho - HoÍs, and Melon juice — filmstrips taped to Tate Turbine Hall ramp and skateboarded
over using ollie, kick flip, pop shove - it, acid drop, melon grab, crooked grind, bunny hop, tic tacs, sex
change, disco flip — skateboarding performed live for Long Weekend by Thomas Lock, Louis Henderson, Charlotte Brennan, Dion Penman, Sam Griffin, Jak Tonge, Evin Goode and Quantin Paris,
clouds shot by Peter West 2009
Skate the Sky Film (35 mm film print of
clouds in the sky
covered with ink, Ho - Ho's, and Melon juice - filmstrips taped to Tate Turbine Hall ramp and skateboarded
over using ollie, kick flip, pop shove - it, acid drop, melon grab, crooked grind, bunny hop, tic tacs, sex
change, disco flip - skateboarding performed live for Long Weekend by Thomas Lock, Louis Henderson, Charlotte Brennan, Dion Penman, Sam Griffin, Jak Tonge, Evin Goode and Quantin Paris,
clouds shot by Peter West), 2009
In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossibl
In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo
changes (volcanic aerosols,
cloud cover, land use, snow and ice
cover) solar output, and differences
in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossibl
in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor
over the short term is difficult to impossible.
While on the subject: Could I ask your take on Erlykin et al. 2011,
in particular their finding that any effect of cosmic radiation is limited to 1 % of
cloud cover, and their estimate that any temperature increase due to such a mechanism
over the past 50 years of barely
changing CR is limited to 0.002 °C?
This would cause a
change of 4.75 degrees K for the 100 % reference
change in GCR
over the 11 year solar cycle (and a non physical decrease of more than 100 %
in cloud cover — are negative high
clouds cooling and negative low
clouds warming?
I noticed that the
change in cloud cover from the minimum to maximum of the solar cycle was 2 percent, much less than the 10 %
change in CO2,
over the period of their study.
«Moreover,
changes in the heliospheric magnetic field have been linked with
changes in total
cloud cover over the Earth, which may influence global climate.
Could they produce sets of weather - maps that if somehow integrated
over 30 years could produce a «supermap» showing actual climate
change in terms of e.g average windspeeds, rainfall,
cloud -
cover, pressure and so on?
Dessler (2011) used observational data (such as surface temperature measurements and ARGO ocean temperature) to estimate and corroborate these values, and found that the heating of the climate system through ocean heat transport was 20 times larger than TOA energy flux
changes due to
cloud cover over the period
in question.
Changes in global cloud cover are dominated by changes in Pacific cloud over the eastern upwelling r
Changes in global
cloud cover are dominated by
changes in Pacific cloud over the eastern upwelling r
changes in Pacific
cloud over the eastern upwelling regions.
The Pavlakis et al (2008) paper «ENSO Surface Shortwave Radiation Forcing
over the Tropical Pacific» identifies the variations
in surface downward shortwave radiation
over portions of the Pacific Oceans caused by El Nino - produced
cloud cover changes.
Brian H. Brown, Short - term
changes in global
cloud cover and
in cosmic radiation, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar - Terrestrial Physics Volume 70, Issue 7, May 2008, Pages 1122 - 1131 See: Whiterose Online copy «There is an association between short - term
changes in low
cloud cover and galactic cosmic radiation
over a period of several days.
Spencer / Braswell and Lindzen / Choi look at the relationship between
changes in ocean heat,
cloud cover (directly affecting the amount of heat lost to space), and global surface temperature
over recent decades.
The idea is, if the
change in surface temperature
over that period is affected by
changes in cloud cover, but
changes of the surface temperature associated with the ocean warming are small, then
changes in cloud cover must be driving the present global warming.
The wide range of studies conducted with the ISCCP datasets and the
changing environment for accessing datasets
over the Internet suggested the need for the Web site to provide: 1) a larger variety of information about the project and its data products for a much wider variety of users [e.g., people who may not use a particular ISCCP data product but could use some ancillary information (such as the map grid definition, topography, snow and ice
cover)-RSB-; 2) more information about the main data products
in several different forms (e.g., illustrations of the
cloud analysis method) and more flexible access to the full documentation; 3) access to more data summaries and diagnostic statistics to illustrate research possibilities for students, for classroom use by educators, or for users with «simple» climatology questions (e.g., annual and seasonal means); and 4) direct access to the complete data products (e.g., the whole monthly mean
cloud dataset is now available online).
(2) Alternatively, FD events might only result
in dynamic effects
over winter cyclogenesis regions, and therefore may not necessarily produce direct
changes in cloud cover (Tinsley & Deen 1991).
Moreover, the uncertainty as such doesn't negate that climate
change over the last many decades is 100 % anthropogenic
in nature — unless you can point to some non-anthropogenic factor that causes
cloud cover to
change in a way that would cause warming.
Percent
change in zonally - averaged
cloud cover over the oceans as a function of latitude and height
in response to an instantaneous quadrupling of CO2, decomposed into two parts: (a) a fast adjustment that occurs before surface temperatures have warmed appreciably, and (b) a part that scales linearly with the warming of surface temperature as the system adjusts to the increase
in CO2.
It's a finding that should be reflected
in current climate models to help scientists make more accurate predictions about future Greenland melt — and could become even more important
in the coming years if
cloud cover over the ice sheet were to increase as a result of climate
change.