For spread products such as corporate bonds, their total return is also sensitive to
changes in credit spread.
Using that sector as an example,
the change in credit spreads of the S&P / ISDA U.S. Financial 30 Credit Spread Index has dropped significantly over the last 16 months.
As monthly
changes in credit spreads tend to be correlated, i.e. rising spreads in one month are often followed by a further rise the next month, spread widening often precedes equity market corrections.
The performance of credit default swaps, like that of corporate bonds, is closely related to
changes in credit spreads.
The performance of CDS, like that of corporate bonds, is closely related to
changes in credit spreads.
During 2007, the value of the Company's credit derivative contracts were affected predominantly by
changes in credit spreads of the underlying reference obligations» collateral and ratings downgrades of securities backing collateralized debt obligations.
Not exact matches
Results for the current quarter included positive revenue of $ 3.4 billion, or $ 1.12 per diluted share, compared with negative revenue of $ 731 million a year ago related to
changes in Morgan Stanley's debt - related
credit spreads and other
credit factors (Debt Valuation Adjustment, DVA).2, 3
If annual point - to - point with a
spread is used, the interest
credited can be reduced to zero even if the percentage of
change in index value is positive.
By contrast,
in Australia there has been no noticeable widening of risk
spreads in the corporate bond market over the past year, and
credit has been easily available from intermediaries, with no reports of significant
changes in banks» lending attitudes.
U.S. investment: There would be no
change in overall U.S. investment except to the extent that tightening
credit spreads would cause a small rise
in risky U.S. investments.
In doing so, investors are taking on a range of risks such as exposure to changes in the shape of the yield curve, credit spreads or exchange rate
In doing so, investors are taking on a range of risks such as exposure to
changes in the shape of the yield curve, credit spreads or exchange rate
in the shape of the yield curve,
credit spreads or exchange rates.
This understanding allowed policymakers to project
changes in financial conditions (short - term borrowing cost, long - term
credit spreads, equity valuation, and exchange rate), which would elicit reactions from the real economy.
Goldman Sachs Financial Conditions Index tracks
changes in interest rates,
credit spreads, equity prices, and the value of the US dollar.
Examples of these risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to the impact of: adverse general economic and related factors, such as fluctuating or increasing levels of unemployment, underemployment and the volatility of fuel prices, declines
in the securities and real estate markets, and perceptions of these conditions that decrease the level of disposable income of consumers or consumer confidence; adverse events impacting the security of travel, such as terrorist acts, armed conflict and threats thereof, acts of piracy, and other international events; the risks and increased costs associated with operating internationally; our expansion into and investments
in new markets; breaches
in data security or other disturbances to our information technology and other networks; the
spread of epidemics and viral outbreaks; adverse incidents involving cruise ships;
changes in fuel prices and / or other cruise operating costs; any impairment of our tradenames or goodwill; our hedging strategies; our inability to obtain adequate insurance coverage; our substantial indebtedness, including the ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, and to generate the necessary amount of cash to service our existing debt; restrictions
in the agreements governing our indebtedness that limit our flexibility
in operating our business; the significant portion of our assets pledged as collateral under our existing debt agreements and the ability of our creditors to accelerate the repayment of our indebtedness; volatility and disruptions
in the global
credit and financial markets, which may adversely affect our ability to borrow and could increase our counterparty
credit risks, including those under our
credit facilities, derivatives, contingent obligations, insurance contracts and new ship progress payment guarantees; fluctuations
in foreign currency exchange rates; overcapacity
in key markets or globally; our inability to recruit or retain qualified personnel or the loss of key personnel; future
changes relating to how external distribution channels sell and market our cruises; our reliance on third parties to provide hotel management services to certain ships and certain other services; delays
in our shipbuilding program and ship repairs, maintenance and refurbishments; future increases
in the price of, or major
changes or reduction
in, commercial airline services; seasonal variations
in passenger fare rates and occupancy levels at different times of the year; our ability to keep pace with developments
in technology; amendments to our collective bargaining agreements for crew members and other employee relation issues; the continued availability of attractive port destinations; pending or threatened litigation, investigations and enforcement actions;
changes involving the tax and environmental regulatory regimes
in which we operate; and other factors set forth under «Risk Factors»
in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10 - K and subsequent filings by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
This
change in credit ratings helps our debt
spread calculation to better reflect the real market environment for borrowing
in a number of ways:
Data about the
credit - recovery industry are too incomplete, and
change of all kinds too omnipresent
in K — 12 education, to posit a definite link between the
spread of online courses and increased graduation rates nationally.
Looking back over the past 60 years,
changes of one standard deviation or more, roughly 60 bps,
in credit spreads raise the odds of a 5 % or bigger correction from 8.5 % to more than 16 %.
The specific profile of yield behavior (such as
changes in the yield curve or
credit spreads) is also an important factor.
The piece suggests that CDS
spreads are better and more rapid indicators of
change in credit quality than bond ratings.
The basis point
change presented
in the preceding table, however, represents a fixed basis point
change in reference obligation
credit spreads across all
credit quality rating categories and asset classes and, therefore, the actual impact of
spread changes would vary from this presentation depending on the
credit rating and distribution across asset classes, both of which will adjust over time depending on new business written and runoff of the existing portfolio.
In general, MBIA's market risk relates to changes in the value of financial instruments that arise from adverse movements in factors such as interest rates, credit spreads and foreign exchange rate
In general, MBIA's market risk relates to
changes in the value of financial instruments that arise from adverse movements in factors such as interest rates, credit spreads and foreign exchange rate
in the value of financial instruments that arise from adverse movements
in factors such as interest rates, credit spreads and foreign exchange rate
in factors such as interest rates,
credit spreads and foreign exchange rates.
In examining the subparts of the S&P 500 ® Bond Index, we can take a deeper look at how
credit spreads have
changed for AA - and BB - rated corporate bonds issued by constituents of the S&P 500.
The purchase of
spread options will be used to protect a Fund against adverse
changes in prevailing
credit quality
spreads, i.e., the yield
spread between high quality and lower quality securities.
Spread risk can be related to investment risk, such as when a price or yield
changes as a result of a
change in credit rating.
Credit spread options are a type of derivative where one party transfers credit risk to another party, usually in exchange for a promise to make cash payments if the credit spread ch
Credit spread options are a type of derivative where one party transfers
credit risk to another party, usually in exchange for a promise to make cash payments if the credit spread ch
credit risk to another party, usually
in exchange for a promise to make cash payments if the
credit spread ch
credit spread changes.
Yes, they have the potential to: i) benefit massively, at least
in the short - term, from a spike / step -
change in volatility, and / or a large market decline, and ii) possibly benefit longer - term from an accompanying spike or sustained increase
in interest rates (and / or
credit spreads)-- historically, a primary driver of broker profitability was interest earned on client balances, which has now been almost eliminated.
CR01:
Credit Sensitivity —
Credit Default Swap [CDS] price
change for 1bp shift
in Credit par
spread — same as DV01, but applied to CDS instead of a bond.