Sentences with phrase «changes in mean annual»

In addition, changes in mean annual temperature had no effect on the proportion of male stillbirths.

Even seemingly «straightforward» applications like the assessment of the impact of changes in the mean annual cycle of temperature on shifting butterfly populations did find more climate variables than just temperature to be of importance (see e.g. WallisDeVries et al, 2011; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172409/), and this generally applies to many sectors and applications.

Interpolated surfaces showing the change in mean annual temperature across Alaska for three different time series: 1949 − 2009, 1949 − 1976, and 1977 − 2009.

Not exact matches

With some smart planning and a positive attitude, this annual period of change can become a special marker of growth and meaning in your family's life.

Tracking shifts in the distribution of these annual histograms provides a new integrated measure of energy balance components and land - cover change, and a different means to monitor biospheric change.

These events took place within millennia — fairly quickly, on a climatic time scale — and resulted in changes of up to 10 degrees Celsius in mean annual temperatures.

«Looking at changes in the number of dry days per year is a new way of understanding how climate change will affect us that goes beyond just annual or seasonal mean precipitation changes, and allows us to better adapt to and mitigate the impacts of local hydrological changes,» said Polade, a postdoctoral researcher who works with Scripps climate scientists Dan Cayan, David Pierce, Alexander Gershunov, and Michael Dettinger, who are co-authors of the study.

«In particular the United States, southern South America, southern Africa, central and southern Europe, Southeast Asia and southern Australia are vulnerable regions, because declines in mean annual streamflow are projected combined with strong increases in water temperature under changing climatIn particular the United States, southern South America, southern Africa, central and southern Europe, Southeast Asia and southern Australia are vulnerable regions, because declines in mean annual streamflow are projected combined with strong increases in water temperature under changing climatin mean annual streamflow are projected combined with strong increases in water temperature under changing climatin water temperature under changing climate.

For the change in annual mean surface air temperature in the various cases, the model experiments show the familiar pattern documented in the SAR with a maximum warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a minimum in the Southern Ocean (due to ocean heat uptake)(2)

has decreased in winter, but no significant change in annual mean precipitation potentially because of very slight increases in spring and fall precipitation; precipitation is projected to increase across Montana, primarily in spring; slight decrease in summer precipitation; variability of precipitation year - to - year projected to increase

(Top left) Global annual mean radiative influences (W m — 2) of LGM climate change agents, generally feedbacks in glacial - interglacial cycles, but also specified in most Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) simulations for the LGM.

b, d, f and h show the change in frequency of the number of years with anomalous mean annual weather conditions (> 1σ above historical mean) from 1996 to 2013 compared with the number of anomalies observed from 1979 to 1996.

To contribute to an understanding of the underlying causes of these changes we compile various environmental records (and model - based interpretations of some of them) in order to calculate the direct effect of various processes on Earth's radiative budget and, thus, on global annual mean surface temperature over the last 800,000 years.

Abstract:» The sensitivity of global climate with respect to forcing is generally described in terms of the global climate feedback — the global radiative response per degree of global annual mean surface temperature change.

Statewide precipitation has decreased in winter (0.14 inches / decade -LSB--0.36 cm / decade]-RRB- since 1950, but no significant change has occurred in annual mean precipitation, probably because of very slight increases in spring and fall precipitation.

So, to enter the teaching profession later in life means about four years of full - time study, a change in annual income and possibly one to three years of casual work.

Some said the additional time meant a better chance of compromise in North Carolina's annual tilting match between traditional schools and charter supporters, who claim that publicly - funded charters are being short - changed by their traditional school counterparts.

Coming off its best half - year since 2008, the U.K. car build was down 11.2 % year - on - year in July as changes to holiday patterns meant the traditional annual shutdown started earlier at some plants.

Sure, annual renters insurance reviews might mean you should increase or change your coverage to reflect changes in your lifestyle.

Usually, having a subprime credit score means you have to settle for less than stellar options or high annual fees, but the Discover it ® Secured Card — No Annual Fee has changed up the secured credit card scene in a majoannual fees, but the Discover it ® Secured Card — No Annual Fee has changed up the secured credit card scene in a majoAnnual Fee has changed up the secured credit card scene in a major way.

A half - life of 1.0 typically means roughly 100 % annual portfolio turnover; a half - life of 10.0 means only about one - tenth of the portfolio turns over in any given year.8 Strategies and factors with longer half - lives, such as small cap and profitability, are likely to have portfolios that change slowly from one year to the next, making it much easier to tease out the structural alpha.

In the first entry I discussed product changes, meaning my plans to change either from annual - fee to no - annual - fee versions (like the Barclaycard Arrival World MasterCard), or to more lucrative versions (Citi Dividend Platinum Select), of the cards I currently carry — while keeping my credit limits and age of accounts intact.

The warming trends in looking at numerous 100 year temperature plots from northern and high elevation climate stations... i.e. warming trends in annual mean and minimum temperature averages, winter monthly means and minimums and especially winter minimum temperatures and dewpoints... indicate climate warming that is being driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — no visible effects from other things like changes in solar radiation or the levels of cosmic rays.

... Polar amplification explains in part why Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appear to be highly sensitive to relatively small increases in CO2 concentration and global mean temperature... Polar amplification occurs if the magnitude of zonally averaged surface temperature change at high latitudes exceeds the globally averaged temperature change, in response to climate forcings and on time scales greater than the annual cycle.

Overall, ecosystem - driven changes in chemistry induced climate feedbacks that increased global mean annual land surface temperatures by 1.4 and 2.7 K for the 2 × and 4 × CO2 Eocene simulations, respectively, and 2.2 K for the Cretaceous (Fig. 3 E and F).

Abstract:» The sensitivity of global climate with respect to forcing is generally described in terms of the global climate feedback — the global radiative response per degree of global annual mean surface temperature change.

The song took on new meaning for me in 2003, when I accompanied a team of climate and ocean researchers on their annual expedition aimed at studying changes in the Arctic Ocean beneath the shifting sea ice just a few dozen miles from the North Pole.

The 4 W / m2 solar constant change you quote (which is at the high end), is around 0.7 W / m2 in global annual mean radiaitve forcing, compared to 2.4 W / m2 from CO2 + CH4 + N2O — still a small number.

They discussed the effect of variables being non-iid on the extreme value analysis, and after taking that into account, propose that changes in extreme precipitation are likely to be larger than the corresponding changes in annual mean precipitation under a global warming.

The key is that the tropical Pacific is actually very well sampled (through the TOGA - COARE array) and the patterns you see in the annual means change slowly enough for the heat content anomalies to be well characterised.

Basically, mathematicians have devised a means by which they can take oscillatory data and, in essence, subtract out known cycles in order to observe how the data is changing independent of these known annual, solar, and paleoclimatic cycles.

The global map of the A1B 2080 to 2099 change in annual mean precipitation is shown in Figure 10.12, along with other hydrological quantities from the multi-model ensemble.

«In considering the question of human activity and climate change it is essential to distinguish between global warming, which is a progressive increase in the annual mean global temperature, and human - activity - induced greenhouse warming, as may, for example, be caused by the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as a result of fossil fuel combustion or deforestation.&raquIn considering the question of human activity and climate change it is essential to distinguish between global warming, which is a progressive increase in the annual mean global temperature, and human - activity - induced greenhouse warming, as may, for example, be caused by the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as a result of fossil fuel combustion or deforestation.&raquin the annual mean global temperature, and human - activity - induced greenhouse warming, as may, for example, be caused by the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as a result of fossil fuel combustion or deforestation.»

Seasonal changes in insolation are much larger than annual mean changes and can reach 60 W m — 2 (Box TS.6, Figure 1).

Figure B shows the scenario for the change in annual mean temperature per 1 C global warming using this method for 248 meteorological stations.

These cycles change the amount of solar radiation received at each latitude in each season (but hardly affect the global annual mean), and they can be calculated with astronomical precision.

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

Changes in obliquity modulate seasonal contrasts as well as annual mean insolation changes with opposite effects at low vs. high latitudes (and therefore no effect on global average insolation)-LCB- 6.4Changes in obliquity modulate seasonal contrasts as well as annual mean insolation changes with opposite effects at low vs. high latitudes (and therefore no effect on global average insolation)-LCB- 6.4changes with opposite effects at low vs. high latitudes (and therefore no effect on global average insolation)-LCB- 6.4 -RCB-.

«With the U.S. hemp industry valued at an estimated $ 500 million in annual retail sales and growing, a change in federal policy to once again allow hemp farming would mean instant job creation, among many other economic and environmental benefits,» adds Steenstra.

Models disagree on annual mean precipitation changes in the NA monsoon region.

Here we construct a database of worldwide RS observations matched with high - resolution historical climate data and find a previously unknown temporal trend in the RS record after accounting for mean annual climate, leaf area, nitrogen deposition and changes in CO2 measurement technique.

«With the U.S. hemp industry valued at over $ 400 million in annual retail sales and growing, a change in federal policy to once again allow hemp farming would mean instant job creation, among many other economic and environmental benefits,» adds Steenstra.

equilibrium climate sensitivity refers to the equilibrium change in the annual mean global surface temperature following a doubling of the atmospheric equivalent carbon dioxide concentration.

«With the U.S. hemp industry estimated at over $ 500 million in annual retail sales and growing, a change in federal law to allow colleges and universities to grow hemp for research means that we will finally begin to regain the knowledge that unfortunately has been lost over the past fifty years,» says Vote Hemp President Eric Steenstra.

On a (2011) Climate Etc. post Pondering the Arctic Ocean, I interpreted the record in the context of a (qualitative) change point analysis, defined by changes in trend, mean value, amplitude of the annual cycle, and interannual variability.It looks like 2013 was another change point year, characterized by low amplitude seasonal cycle.

Figure 3, from Hansen & Lebedeff 1987 (apologies for the poor quality, this is an older paper) plots the correlation coefficients versus separation for the annual mean temperature changes between randomly selected pairs of stations with at least 50 common years in their records.

I do not believe that global mean annual temperatures have simply cooled progressively over thousands of years as Mike appears to and I contend that that there is strong evidence for major changes in climate over the Holocene (not Milankovich) that require explanation

Instead of changes in monthly values of Temp and precip (and cloud cover) changes in ANNUAL mean temperature were used to force LPJ.

All these stations indicate the same pattern of changes in annual mean temperature: a warm 1930s, a cooling until around 1970, and thereafter a warming, although the temperature remains slightly below the level of the late 1930s.

Background map: Ensemble mean change of annual runoff, in percent, between present (1981 to 2000) and 2081 to 2100 for the SRES A1B emissions scenario (after Nohara et al., 2006).