Sentences with phrase «changes in sea»

Besides the information about greenhouse - gas levels from the trapped air bubbles at Vostok, a sediment core from the bottom of the Red Sea indicates changes in sea level, which in turn give an approximation of ice sheet area.

1987 National Research Council, Marine Board, Committee on Engineering Implications, Responding to Changes in Sea Level: Engineering Implications.

a The global mean surface temperature impact is also a proxy for the many additional climate impacts that occur alongside global mean temperature change, including changes in sea - level, rainfall, heatwaves, etc

Interestingly, quite a few references to changes in sea levels over comparatively short time frames occur.

Ho added that the enhanced intensification of tropical cyclones over East Asian coastal seas caused by changes in sea surface temperature and wind flows mean that «an individual tropical cyclone could strike East Asia, including the Philippines, with a record - breaking power, for example Haiyan, even though landfall intensity in south - east Asia has not notably changed on average in recent years because of the shifted genesis location; note that Haiyan formed over the eastern Philippine Sea far from land.»

In particular, recent studies have shown that more atmospheric CO2 is causing the PH of ocean surface layers to drop (ie become more acidic) leading potentially to coral kills and substantial changes in sea life.

That will mean changes in sea levels, rainfall patterns, extreme weather, and so on.

There is some evidence that changes in the monsoon are driven at least in part by cyclical changes in sea - surface temperatures.

Additionally, changes in sea ice levels associated with global warming have made it difficult for the hunt to carry on as smoothly as before.

The potential for changes in cloud cover as a result of the changes in sea ice makes the evaluation of the actual forcing that may be realized quite uncertain, since such changes could overwhelm the forcing caused by the sea - ice loss itself, if the cloudi - ness increases in the summertime.

That's not actually correct (think about how long it takes changes in sea level to reach equilibrium with a new temperature), but I think I understand why you made the argument.

9) In many GCMs, there are large biases in atmospheric circulation, and it seems probable that these biases will have major impacts on the ability of these models to accurately predict changes in sea ice.

Despite its areas of inaccuracy, near - real - time data are still useful for assessing changes in sea ice coverage, particularly when averaged over an entire month.

Changes in sea ice and ice coverage are a critical indicator of climate change.

However continued high emissions causing changes in sea - surface temperatures and oxygen levels are likely to disrupt many ecosystems protected by MPAs.

No matter what contributes to global sea level rise, individual locations will experience different changes in sea level due to local factors.

These data are also useful in the study of unusual weather phenomena such as El Niño, the long - term effects of deforestation on our rain forests, and changes in the sea - ice masses around the polar regions.

Later in the deglaciation, regrowth of the terrestrial biosphere, changes in sea surface temperature, and ocean circulation governed the δ13Catm evolution.

Considered in that way, accelerated glacial melting and larger changes in sea level (for example) should be looked at as probable events, not as hypothetical possibilities.

With El Nino or La Nina, the changes in sea surface temperatures change the areas where convection, thunderstorms, tropical storms etc, occur systematically.

It is important to note that the amplitude of these millennial - scale changes in sea - surface conditions far exceed those observed at the end of the 20th century.»

Changes in sea surface temperatures (SST), wind patterns, and decreased snowpack and snow cover have also been linked to droughts.

This could very well be related to the low sea ice extents, as it is well known that changes in sea temperatures affect the wind and pressure patterns in the atmosphere (for example: El Nino and La Nina).

«In the meantime we are mapping and tracking reported whale carcasses, collecting water samples to look for harmful algal blooms and recording changes in sea water temperature,» she said.

The reconstructed changes in sea level over the past millennium are consistent with past global temperatures, the researchers say, and can be determined using a model relating the rate of sea level rise to global temperature.

However, with the new evidence that changes in atmospheric and thus oceanic circulation may have obscured changes in sea level (http://environment.newscientist.com/article/dn12547-flatter-oceans-may-have-caused-1920s-sea-rise.html), is there any evidence that the previously apparently static sea levels caused groups to self - censor data on ice sheet melting?

But more importantly, according to Peter, scientists now have the tools to test global circulation models and monitor worldwide changes in sea surface temperatures and circulation brought about by global warming.

Gillett et al. (2003) compared observed changes in sea level pressure with those predicted by four coupled ocean — atmosphere climate models and concluded as follows.

While that's a small number, «Small changes in sea levels in certain places mean very big changes in the kind of protection of infrastructure that you need to have in place,» said Erik Ivins, a geophysicist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California and one of the contributors to Thursday's study.

Scientists are finding that they are well distributed throughout their range and adapting well to changes in sea ice.

Further, account must be made of non-eustatic dynamic changes in sea level due to tides, storm surges, tsunamis and large - scale ocean currents.

The GEM project has five main themes: - ClimateBasis: records meteorology and hydrology parameters - BioBasis: monitors plant and animal populations and interactions - GeoBasis: measures greenhouse gases from the tundra and collects geological data - GlacioBasis: monitors the three glaciers in Greenland - MarineBasis: records physical, chemical, and biological changes in the sea

He also studies the impact of changes in sea ice on marine planktonic ecosystems by developing biophysical models such as the coupled Biology - Ice - Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (BIOMAS).

As such, monitoring Arctic ice thickness may be useful for predicting rapid changes in sea ice.

Understand changes in Arctic ocean chemistry, as well as historical and projected changes in sea - ice extent and the impacts of these changes on coastal communities.

Geomorphologists (who actually go out and find the former shorelines and measure them) have a very optimistic view of how accurately changes in sea level can be observed.

These results also increase our overall understanding of glacial − interglacial cycles by putting further constraints on the timing and strength of other processes involved in these cycles, like changes in sea ice and ice sheet extents or changes in ocean circulation and deep water formation.

Some of these low - lying islands have survived the changes in sea level rise so far.

Changes in sea ice make a difference only when temperatures are measured as anomalies relative to a reference period, however I can find no mention in REA16 of what reference period is used.

Small additional biases, discussed above, from changes in sea ice and differences in warming rates of SST and air just above the open ocean (which it appears the Cowtan and Way dataset does not adjust for) might push up the bias marginally.

Since the scaling factor used is based purely on simulations by CMIP5 models, rather than on observations, the estimate is only valid if those simulations realistically reproduce the spatiotemporal pattern of actual warming for both SST and near - surface air temperature (tas), and changes in sea - ice cover.

Future work must track how changes in sea ice and surface turbulent fluxes influence specific atmospheric regimes related to the episodic events.

To a large extent that is because the 9 % figure also includes an effect, when anomaly temperatures are used, from changes in sea ice extent.

As it has gone up, we have seen changes in sea level, sea ice coverage, glacier lengths, precipitation.

Walt Meier Research Scientist, Cryospheric Sciences Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Specialties: Sea ice remote sensing; changes in sea ice concentration, extent, motion, thickness and age; development of sea ice climate data records; interaction of sea ice and climate

Changes in sea ice, shared water resources, and common pelagic fish stocks are also facing impact, with the resulting potential for transboundary rivalry and conflict.

C) Transboundary impacts: Changes in sea ice, shared water resources, and the migration of fish stocks, have the potential to increase rivalry among states.

Storms and cloud spinning off the polar vortices into lower latitudes — the changes in sea surface temperature over vast areas of the Pacific.

The report states that climate impacts could include «significant changes in sea level, ocean currents, precipitation patterns, regional temperature and weather.»

The changes in the sea ice environment, and their consequent effects on polar bears, are demonstrable in parallel fluctuations in the mean ages of polar bears killed each year by Inuit hunters.