Sentences with phrase «changes in surface temperatures in»

(5), ΔTκ, estimated by Hansen (1984) and IPCC (2007) as 1.2 - 1.3 ° K at CO2 doubling, is the change in surface temperature in response to a tropopausalforcing ΔF2x, ignoring any feedbacks.

Not exact matches

While this is bad news for the planet, it's good news for climate change scientists who have — for the last two decades — puzzled over warming trends in ocean surface temperatures for nearly 20 years.

Peering through the clouds in infrared «windows» — wavelengths that penetrate the murk — Venus Express also saw surface hot spots that change in temperature from day to day, suggesting active volcanism.

That wind - driven circulation change leads to cooler ocean temperatures on the surface of the eastern Pacific, and more heat being mixed in and stored in the western Pacific down to about 300 meters (984 feet) deep, said England.

During the IOD's positive phase, sea surface temperatures rise in the Arabian Sea and fall around Indonesia, changes which reverse in the negative phase.

One of the subtle changes visible in the new data - set is how the Amazon's greenness corresponds to one of the long - known causes of rainfall or drought to the Amazon basin: changes in sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean, called the El Nino Southern Oscillation.

The satellite - based record of land surface maximum temperatures, scientists have found, provides a sensitive global thermometer that links bulk shifts in maximum temperatures with ecosystem change and human well - being.

Using records dating back to 1855, hurricane researchers say they have uncovered an ongoing rise in the number of Atlantic hurricanes that tracks the increase in sea surface temperature related to climate change.

This is a strong indication that agriculture, and not changing sea surface temperature, caused the regional changes in climate during the last third of the 20th century, the researchers say.

So while it may take decades for warming at the sea surface to change deep - sea temperatures, alterations in wind - driven events may have more immediate effects.

Reports on the state of the Arctic, such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's 2012 Arctic Report Card, published in December, furnish Arctic temperatures and measurements of the changing thickness of the active layer of the permafrost, the layer of surface soil that melts and refreezes each year.

The map below shows the observed change in global near - surface air temperature since 1900.

It was the discovery of a consistent year - to - year profile that allowed the researchers to move beyond a previous analysis, in which they identified the hottest spots on Earth, to the development of a new global - change indicator that uses the entire planet's maximum land surface temperatures.

«Today, the wet season is getting wetter and the dry season drier in Southern and Eastern Amazonia due to changing sea - surface temperatures that influence moisture transport across the tropics,» says Anja Rammig from Technische Universität München (TUM) and PIK.

Several studies linked this to changes in sea surface temperatures in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, but it was not clear if this was part of a long - term trend.

The climatic change at issue is known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), a periodic cycle of warming and cooling of surface temperatures in the North Atlantic.

While natural climate variations like El Niño do affect the frequency and severity of heat waves from one year to the next, the study suggests the increases are mainly linked to long - term changes in sea surface temperatures.

Beyond human activity, tropical sea surface temperatures further back in time are affected by volcanic eruptions, changes in the intensity of sunlight and natural events like El Niño.

It The plane carries a laser instrument that measures changes in the ice elevation, a high - resolution camera system to image the surface, and an instrument to infer the surface temperature.

«We found that there was a surface temperature impact due to changes in water vapor in a fairly narrow region of the stratosphere,» explains research meteorologist Karen Rosenlof of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Aeronomy Laboratory, one of the authors of the study.

«If the change in brightness was intrinsic to the star, then its temperature or surface area would have grown dramatically,» says Cook.

OU Professors Jeffrey F. Kelly, Todd Fagin and Eli S. Bridge, Oklahoma Biological Survey, and graduate student Kyle G. Horton, Department of Biology, OU College of Arts and Sciences; in collaboration with OU Professors Phillip B. Chilson, School of Meteorology, and Kirsten de Beurs, Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, OU College of Atmospheric and Geographic Sciences; and Phillip M. Stepanian, formerly with the Advanced Radar Research Center, worked together to demonstrate how migration timing relates to land surface phenology and temperature changes.

The problem is that unless the core is properly contained, the change in pressure and temperature at the surface can cause it to explode, says Edwards.

Under midrange projections for economic growth and technological change, the planet's average surface temperature in 2050 will be about two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) higher than its preindustrial value.

Tamsin Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in the UK, says it is too early to tell, since changes in the PDO can only be detected through statistical analysis of large amounts of data on ocean surface temperatures.

The plan is to drop sensors into the surrounding ocean to measure water temperatures, then skim the ice for signs of changes in surface height.

«The predicted changes in surface water temperatures will affect the thermal characteristics of the lakes,» said Dokulil.

Taking factors such as sea surface temperature, greenhouse gases and natural aerosol particles into consideration, the researchers determined that changes in the concentration of black carbon could be the primary driving force behind the observed alterations to the hydrological cycle in the region.

But the ice core - derived climate records from the Andes are also impacted from the west — specifically by El Niño, a temporary change in climate, which is driven by sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific.

The results suggest that the impact of sea ice seems critical for the Arctic surface temperature changes, but the temperature trend elsewhere seems rather due mainly to changes in ocean surface temperatures and atmospheric variability.

Kevin Trenbeth, a climate scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., said the study didn't account for changes in sea surface temperatures, which are the main drivers of changes in the position of the rain belts (as is seen during an El Nino event, when Pacific warming pushes the subtropical jet over the Western U.S. southward).

They estimated that land - use changes in the continental United States since the 1960s have resulted in a rise in the mean surface temperature of 0.25 degree Fahrenheit, a figure Kalnay says «is at least twice as high as previous estimates based on urbanization alone.»

The climate simulations suggest that these specific anomalies in sea surface temperatures can play a predominant role in promoting the change in the NAO.

Of course, while short - term changes in sea level can be predicted fairly accurately based on the motions of the moon and sun, it is a lot harder predicting the ups and downs of the average global surface temperature — there is a lot of noise, or natural variation, in the system.

The climate change «hockey stick» is a graph first published in 1998 by Michael Mann et al. that attempted to reconstruct the mean surface temperature on the planet during the period A. D. 900 to the present, using multiple proxies, such as tree rings, to measure temperatures before formal instrumentation was in use.

Ajay Kalra of the Desert Research Institute in Las Vegas has identified several regions of the Pacific Ocean where changes in sea surface temperature appear to be statistically linked to the Colorado River's streamflow.

For example, tides, winds and sea surface temperature could disrupt their migration habits, and ocean color — referring to the water's chemical and particle content — could reflect changes in the food chain.

The underlying pattern in this year's fire forecast is driven by the fact that the western Amazon is more heavily influence by sea surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic, and the eastern Amazon's fire severity risk correlates to sea surface temperature changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean.

In recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsIn recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factors).

The data, in the form of infrared images of the Earth's surface, is used to detect changes in sea surface temperatures for research -LSB-...]

The team analyzed an index of sea surface temperatures from the Bering Sea and found that in years with higher than average Arctic temperatures, changes in atmospheric circulation resulted in the aforementioned anomalous climates throughout North America.

There are strong competing effects such as changes in the large - scale atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperature changes like El Niño and La Niña and the dynamics of westerly storm tracks that all interact at the mid-latitudes,» said Stanford co-author Matthew Winnick who contributed to the study with fellow doctoral student Daniel Ibarra.

Although the rising average global surface temperature is an indicator of the degree of disruption that we have imposed on the global climate system, what's actually happening involves changes in circulation patterns, changes in precipitation patterns, and changes in extremes.

«Since oxygen concentrations in the ocean naturally vary depending on variations in winds and temperature at the surface, it's been challenging to attribute any deoxygenation to climate change.

The study stops short of attributing California's latest drought to changes in Arctic sea ice, partly because there are other phenomena that play a role, like warm sea surface temperatures and changes to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, an atmospheric climate pattern that typically shifts every 20 to 30 years.

The first image, based on data from January 1997 when El Nio was still strengthening shows a sea level rise along the Equator in the eastern Pacific Ocean of up to 34 centimeters with the red colors indicating an associated change in sea surface temperature of up to 5.4 degrees C.

The effects of wind changes, which were found to potentially increase temperatures in the Southern Ocean between 660 feet and 2,300 feet below the surface by 2 °C, or nearly 3.6 °F, are over and above the ocean warming that's being caused by the heat - trapping effects of greenhouse gases.

Linsley said the new results were «exciting,» suggesting that the «poorly understood, rapid rise» in surface temperature from 1910 to 1940 was, in part, «related to changes in trade wind strength and heat release from the upper water column» of the Pacific Ocean.

Changes in the temperature of the sea surface in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans are linked to the pattern of rainfall over parts of the surrounding continents.

As world leaders hold climate talks in Paris, research shows that land surface temperatures may rise by an average of almost 8C by 2100, if significant efforts are not made to counteract climate change.