Sentences with phrase «changes in the solar radiation from»

Earlier studies on the sensitivity of tropical cyclones to past climates have only analyzed the effect of changes in the solar radiation from orbital forcing on the formation of tropical cyclones, without considering the feedbacks associated to the consequent greening of the Sahara.

Not exact matches

Such changes range from how much solar radiation the region reflects back into space to the structure of the ecological communities in Arctic waters; meanwhile, melting permafrost is driving the transformation of frozen tundra into wetlands, and grassy plains are shifting into lusher landscapes of bushes and trees.

In recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsIn recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factors).

Changes in insolation are also thought to have arisen from small variations in solar irradiance, although both timing and magnitude of past solar radiation fluctuations are highly uncertain (see Chapters 2 and 6; Lean et al., 2002; Gray et al., 2005; Foukal et al., 2006).

The warming trends in looking at numerous 100 year temperature plots from northern and high elevation climate stations... i.e. warming trends in annual mean and minimum temperature averages, winter monthly means and minimums and especially winter minimum temperatures and dewpoints... indicate climate warming that is being driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — no visible effects from other things like changes in solar radiation or the levels of cosmic rays.

The paragraph in the OP you quote from as well as the one above it in full are saying that the ice age cycles result from the Earth's changing orbit round the sun which creates changes in the «incoming solar radiation (insolation) at high latitudes» (Roe (2006) PDF).

First, for changing just CO2 forcing (or CH4, etc, or for a non-GHE forcing, such as a change in incident solar radiation, volcanic aerosols, etc.), there will be other GHE radiative «forcings» (feedbacks, though in the context of measuring their radiative effect, they can be described as having radiative forcings of x W / m2 per change in surface T), such as water vapor feedback, LW cloud feedback, and also, because GHE depends on the vertical temperature distribution, the lapse rate feedback (this generally refers to the tropospheric lapse rate, though changes in the position of the tropopause and changes in the stratospheric temperature could also be considered lapse - rate feedbacks for forcing at TOA; forcing at the tropopause with stratospheric adjustment takes some of that into account; sensitivity to forcing at the tropopause with stratospheric adjustment will generally be different from sensitivity to forcing without stratospheric adjustment and both will generally be different from forcing at TOA before stratospheric adjustment; forcing at TOA after stratospehric adjustment is identical to forcing at the tropopause after stratospheric adjustment).

Sunspot observations (going back to the 17th century), as well as data from isotopes generated by cosmic radiation, provide evidence for longer - term changes in solar activity.

This is the portion of temperature change that is imposed on the ocean - atmosphere - land system from the outside and it includes contributions from anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gasses, aerosols, and land - use change as well as changes in solar radiation and volcanic aerosols.

Natural variability might modulate the flow of energy between parts of the system, such as from ocean to atmosphere, but the «pace of climate warming», as in the general gain in energy (or loss of energy) of the entire climate system, can only be dictated by some external forcing, such as somthing that changes the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface, volcanoes, or changes in GH gas concentrations.

radiative forcing a change in average net radiation at the top of the troposphere resulting from a change in either solar or infrared radiation due to a change in atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations; perturbance in the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation

According to their modeling studies, the difference in the amount of incoming solar radiation, in this case, primarily in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, during the minima and maxima of the 11 - yr solar cycle are large enough to produce a characteristic change in the winter circulation pattern of the atmosphere over North America... When the NAO is in its negative phase, more cold air can seep south from the Arctic and impact the lower latitudes of Europe and the eastern U.S., which helps spin up winter storm systems.

The cryosphere derives its importance to the climate system from a variety of effects, including its high reflectivity (albedo) for solar radiation, its low thermal conductivity, its large thermal inertia, its potential for affecting ocean circulation (through exchange of freshwater and heat) and atmospheric circulation (through topographic changes), its large potential for affecting sea level (through growth and melt of land ice), and its potential for affecting greenhouse gases (through changes in permafrost)(Chapter 4).

From 1899 to 1962, those ice fields more exposed to direct solar radiation «wasted drastically» while those in narrow, shaded grooves changed very little, said Dr. Stefan L. Hastenrath, a professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin, who is a longstanding expert on African glaciology.

This measure is available for the US from the BEST data set... The reconfirmation now of a strong sun - temperature relation based specifically upon the daytime temperature maxima adds strong and independent scientific weight to the reality of the sun - temperature connection... This suggests strongly that changes in solar radiation drive temperature variations on at least a hemispheric scale... Close correlations like these simply do not exist for temperature and changing atmospheric CO2 concentration.»

We know the Asian aerosols have gone up, but for the Earth as a whole, there is very, very little change in the reflected solar radiation (just a blip from Mount Pinatubo in 1991 - 1993).

Prof David Keith from Harvard University was the only presenter to address the controversial topic of solar radiation management (SRM), hypothesising that if the technology could be used to offset half of the growth in human - caused radiative forcing, it could substantially reduce the aggregated risks of climate change.

The report, considerably more cautious, describes geoengineering as one element of a «portfolio of responses» to climate change and examines the prospects of two approaches — removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and enveloping the planet in a layer of sulfate particles to reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface.

As such, it can not capture the slow - down in net anthropogenic forcings that allows the effects of declining solar radiation and changes from El Nino or La Nina to dominate the 1999 — 2008 period.

By applying what has been learned about solar radiation changes from the recent measurements from space, we can infer that this gradual build - up in solar activity over several hundred years may have been accompanied by a parallel increase in the radiation received from the Sun.

Estimates of Northern hemisphere surface temperatures from 1610 to 1800 — during part of the so - called Little Ice Age — correlate well with a reconstruction of changes in solar total radiation — around the time of the Maunder Minimum (Fig. 2c).

It also requires the added assumption that long - term changes in solar total radiation can exceed by two and a half times what has been observed in recent measurements from space.

The origin of a slowly varying irradiance component may derive from changes in the solar faculae and / or in the background solar radiation from solar quiet regions.

Warming is greater in the northern hemisphere, over land, and at night, greater in the troposphere and cooler in the stratosphere, all indications of greenhouse warming rather than warming from solar radiation changes or other «natural» causes.

For the stratospheric sulphate idea, these fall into two classes - changes to the physical climate as a function of the changes in heating profiles in solar and longwave radiation, and chemical and ecological effects from the addition of so much sulphur to the system.

For example, the global average effect of any change in albedo from using solar power would be rather small in comparison to mitigation of climate change if that solar power is used (to displace fossil fuels) for a sufficient time period (example: if a 10 % efficient PV panel with zero albedo (reflectivity for solar (SW) radiation) covered ground with an albedo of 25 — 30 %, the ratio of total increased heating to electricity generation would be similar to that of many fuel - combusting or fission - powered power plants (setting aside inverter and grid efficiency, etc., but still it would be similar).

For the stratospheric sulphate idea, these fall into two classes — changes to the physical climate as a function of the changes in heating profiles in solar and longwave radiation, and chemical and ecological effects from the addition of so much sulphur to the system.

Three - dimensional (3D) planetary general circulation models (GCMs) derived from the models that we use to project 21st Century changes in Earth's climate can now be used to address outstanding questions about how Earth became and remained habitable despite wide swings in solar radiation, atmospheric chemistry, and other climate forcings; whether these different eras of habitability manifest themselves in signals that might be detected from a great distance; whether and how planets such as Mars and Venus were habitable in the past; how common habitable exoplanets might be; and how we might best answer this question with future observations.

Radiative Forcing A change in average net radiation (in W m - 2) at the top of the troposphere resulting from a change in either solar or infrared radiation due to a change in atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations; perturbance in the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation.