Sentences with phrase «changes in thermometers»

We attempt to remove human induced biases in the instrumentation, such as TOBS and changes in thermometers.

This may be because there is no or little surface churn of the type described above and the temperatures there are consequently not nearly as sensitive to changes in the thermometer's time constants.

a Uncertainties (2 sigma) du to: data gaps and random errors estimated by RSOA (heavy solid); SST bias - corrections (heavy dashes); urbanisation (light dashes); changes in thermometer exposures on LAT (light solid).

Uncertainties due to changes in thermometer screens are poorly known but could be 0.1 °C globally in the 19th and early 20th centuries (Parker, 1994); they are not included here, but a preliminary analysis appears in Folland et al. (2001).

Not exact matches

if you don't have oven monitoring thermometers in yours, you really need to change that.

It is also recommended that a baby bath tub has an embedded thermometer or a safety disk with the ability to change the color in case the water is too hot.

You have to press the thermometer at off status in 5 seconds to change it.

Its screen will change color to let you know if your baby's temperature is in a safe range and, because it's an infrared thermometer, there's never any worry of cross-contamination.

The only practical way to detect this slight change in temperature is with a basal body thermometer.

Diapers, wipes, diaper cream, sanitizer, bags to put stinky diapers in, changing pad, gas drops, thermometer, nail file and clippers, brush, aquaphor, nose freida, two changes of clothes, a jacket, bottle, pacifier, and various toys for amusement that I would swap out every three days.

Slight increase in body temperature (note: this change can only be detected by a basal body thermometer).

This change in basal body temperature, which is measured by a special, more accurate thermometer, can happen as early as two days after ovulation.

The satellite - based record of land surface maximum temperatures, scientists have found, provides a sensitive global thermometer that links bulk shifts in maximum temperatures with ecosystem change and human well - being.

«When heat goes under the ocean, it expands just like mercury in a thermometer,» Steve Nerem, lead scientist for NASA's Sea Level Change Team at the University of Colorado in Boulder, said in the press briefing.

The most important bias globally was the modification in measured sea surface temperatures associated with the change from ships throwing a bucket over the side, bringing some ocean water on deck, and putting a thermometer in it, to reading the thermometer in the engine coolant water intake.

It's really not so much what the actual temperature is, but more about the change in temperature, so that if your thermometer is off by half a degree, as long as it's consistently off by half a degree, you'll see that rise.»

The thermometer should be able to measure to the 0.10 degree, since the temperature changes in charting can be quite small.

Fertility Awareness is one way to track when ovulation occurs, and it includes studying the changes in cervical mucus and using a basal thermometer.

Baking Chicago Metallic bakeware (jelly roll pans, loaf pans, cake pans, etc.) USA Pan bakeware (their pizza pan will change your life) Fat Daddio's bakeware (their anodized stuff is AWESOME) Silicone baking mats Oven monitoring thermometer (I keep three of these in my oven at all times) 3 piece mixing bowl set (I also have this set)(and this set, too)(#mixingbowlhoarder) Slotted metal spatula Stainless steel whisk Stainless steel scoops Stainless steel measuring cups Stainless steel measuring spoons Heavy duty spatulas Straight spatula Offset spatula Bakery rolling pin Cake stand (I also love these cake stands)(aaand this one) Pastry brush Plain round cutter set (I love the geometric shape cutting set, too) Candy thermometer

Given Maue's long lead time in predicting today's heat blast, I reached out to him Monday afternoon for a chat on the role of human - driven climate change and the urbanization of the region in raising thermometers to new heights.

The» top ten» arguments employed by the relatively few deniers with credentials in any aspect of climate - change science (which arguments include «the sun is doing it», «Earth's climate was changing before there were people here», «climate is changing on Mars but there are no SUVs there», «the Earth hasn't been warming since 1998», «thermometer records showing heating are contaminated by the urban - heat - island effect», «satellite measurements show cooling rather than warming») have all been shown in the serious scientific literature to be wrong or irrelevant, but explaining their defects requires at least a paragraph or two for each one.

«One of the most significant signals in the thermometer - observed temperature record since 1900 is the decrease in the diurnal temperature range over land, largely due to warming of the minimum temperatures... Climate models have in general not replicated the change in diurnal temperature range well.

Let's take Svensmark's cosmic ray theory or Lindzen's infrared iris theory, or my argument published in Climatic Change in 2009 that tree rings make lousy thermometers.

At the time of the Mann paper (this coincided with the Super El Nino but before the step change in temperature coincident with that event had taken place), the tree rings showed no warming from 1970 through to circa 1996/97 whereas the adjusted land thermometer record showed relentless warming.

The most likely explanation being that the land based thermometer record has become inaccurate due to station drop out, particularly high latitude drop out, a biasing towards airport stations, poor station siting and a failure to properly allow for UHI which is having an ever increasing impact upon post 1960s temperatures because of not simply an increase in urbanisation but also the drop out of rural stations and the ever increasing percentage of airport stations and airports have so greatly changed during the 1970s and 1980s.

The most likely explanation being that teh land based thermometer record has become inaccurate due to station drop out, particularly high latitude drop out, a biasing towards airport stations, poor station siting and a failure to properly allow for UHI which is having an ever increasing impact upon post 1960s temperatures because of not simply an increase in urbanisation but also the drop out of rural stations and the ever increasing percentage of airport stations and airports have so greatly changed during the 1970s and 1980s.

And that a 1.4 K step change in the global average coincided with the 1990 Dying (Ignoring) of The Thermometers (cut from 6000 to 1600).

If the thermometers are understating La Nina and EL Nino effects, because the satellites almost always show lower GMT for La Nina events and higher GMT for El Nino events, how can the thermometers suddenly not exist when it's the rest of the oceans driving the change in direction of the GMT?

Is it possible to make thermometers which not only have the accuracy and precision to usefully measure using milli - celsius, but also are unaffected by changes in pressure between 1 and 201 atmospheres?

MM04 failed to acknowledge other independent data supporting the instrumental thermometer - based land surface temperature observations, such as satellite - derived temperature trend estimates over land areas in the Northern Hemisphere (Intergovernmental Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Third Assessment Report, Chapter 2, Box 2.1, p. 106) that can not conceivably be subject to the non-climatic sources of bias considered by them.

As an extension, systematic observational errors could perhaps be corrected as part of the regression by estimating a constant shift to apply to each thermometer (treating changes in technology as creating a new thermometer on the same site), though this may make the problem too large.

A change in the type of thermometer shelter used at many Australian observation sites in the early 20th century resulted a sudden drop in day time temperature an increase in minimum temperatures which is entirely spurious.

You can now see the predominantly upward adjustments as soon as you enter the US (I presume due to the change from glass to electronic thermometers), in contrast to the mixed changes elsewhere and the predominantly downward adjustments in the Arctic.

Memo to Republicans: For discussions and debates about climate change, use only official weather / climate station thermometer datasets located in rural regions and / or from satellites.

The change was made possible by the widespread availability of engine inlet thermometers in 1941 (section 4)

Just as in the rest of the country, belief in human - caused climate change in Oklahoma has been rising with the thermometer — according to Krosnick, a large majority of Inhofe's constituents now believe that anthropogenic global warming is real.

NOAA scientists increase or decrease temperatures to correct for things like changes in the locations of thermometers (some that were once in rural areas are now in the suburbs or even in cities).

These choices relate to such issues as how to account for changes over time in the type of thermometer used to make temperature measurements, the thermometer location, and the immediate physical surroundings of the thermometer.

Early TRL projects focused on establishing long tree - ring records from temperature - sensitive boreal forest locations in North American for studies of global change, using dendrochronologically dated wood, to investigate the value of stable isotope ratios in cellulose as paleo - thermometers and developing the necessary computer software for processing the data.

She said the signs of warming are evident not just in thermometer data, but in more than 26,000 «climate indicators,» ranging from rising sea levels to changes in plant blooming times.

At Tmax, for example, there has been a steady T rise as the sun moves higher in the sky, the rise helped by convection of air with hot packets in it surrounding the site, held back if frost has formed overnight, complicated if there is snow around and water phase change effects need consideration, hindered or lagged by the thermal inertia of the screen surrounding the thermometer as the screen heats up.

Temperatures aloft can be measured in a number of ways, two of which are useful for climate monitoring: by radiosondes (balloon - borne instrument packages, including thermometers, released daily or twice daily at a network of observing stations throughout the world), and by satellite measurements of microwave radiation emitted by oxygen gas in the lower to mid-troposphere, taken with an instrument known as the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU).5 The balloon measurements are taken at the same Greenwich mean times each day, whereas the times of day of the satellite measurements for a given location drift slowly with changes in the satellite orbits.

Evidence for changes in the climate system abounds, from the top of the atmosphere to the depths of the oceans (Figure 2.1).1 Scientists and engineers from around the world have compiled this evidence using satellites, weather balloons, thermometers at surface stations, and many other types of observing systems that monitor the Earth's weather and climate.

The most important bias globally was the modification in measured sea surface temperatures associated with the change from ships throwing a bucket over the side, bringing some ocean water on deck, and putting a thermometer in it, to reading the thermometer in the engine coolant water intake.

(c) has the mixture of observing stations in the two reference periods stayed about constant, or have we had a change like «the march of the thermometers»?

«The data are very strong that the planet is warming, as shown by analyses by NASA, NOAA, the Berkeley Earth group and others, by data from thermometers in the air including those well away from cities, thermometers in the ocean and in the ground, taken up by balloons and looking down from space, and changes in temperature - sensitive snow and ice and plants and animals,» said Alley.

Isn't the global temperature record extremely noisy due to factors such as changing distribution of thermometers, changes to surrounding land areas due to agriculture and urbanization, as well as changes in the ocean due to flora and fauna due to industrialized fishing?

Use replicate measurements where possible (3 thermometers better than one) and in any change of method, maximise the overlap period.

My question would be whether the basic physiology of the tree that makes it a thermometer is affected by changes over its life that relate to the tree line but would not be manifested or readily detected by the actual change in tree line because that process might lag the effects.

There was a report issued by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) in 1997 entitled «Instruments and Observing Methods» (Report No. 65) that explained because the modern electronic probes being installed across Australia reacted more quickly to second by second temperature changes, measurements from these devices need to be averaged over a one to ten - minute period to provide some measure of comparability with the original thermometers.