Sentences with phrase «changes over longer timescales»

In other words, it is a measure for how the «average» weather changes over longer timescales.

It has been happening since the last deglaciation, and its rate changes over longer timescales than the ones we focused on here.

Not exact matches

Until now, changes in the relative proportion of rare mutations, that could be both detrimental and adaptive, had only been shown over relatively long timescales, by comparing African and European populations.

«Additionally, over a longer timescale, by keeping close connection between astrophysicists and climate researchers, this programme will aid in the understanding of our own changing climate.»

This allowed us not only to map the cloud distribution, but also how it changes from rotation to rotation and also over longer timescales: our observations were following the brown dwarfs for more than a year.

In a paper published in Science Advances, he proposes that mass extinction occurs if one of two thresholds are crossed: For changes in the carbon cycle that occur over long timescales, extinctions will follow if those changes occur at rates faster than global ecosystems can adapt.

Climate scientists would say in response that changes in ocean circulation can't sustain a net change in global temperature over such a long period (ENSO for example might raise or lower global temperature on a timescale of one or two years, but over decades there would be roughly zero net change).

[It is helps us to understand what natural forces are currently at work that could be causing changes... But note that some natural forces like the ones that I talked about above work over much longer timescales than the century timescale over which we are making significant changes in greenhouse gas levels.

[Response: the Milankovitch timescale is long and the forcing barely varies due to orbital changes over 100 years so no, they aren't included (they would be for people modelling the last glacial maximum); solar forcing is modelled by change in total solar irradiance (probably as a total number; not sure if changes at different wavelengths are included)-- William]

Our results support the use of short - term manipulative experiments spanning weeks as proxies to understand the potential effects of global change forcing on diatom community structure over longer timescales such as years.

Ricarda Winkelmann et al. modeled the response of the Antarctic ice sheet to a wide range of future carbon emissions scenarios over the long - term (previous simulations have mainly looked at changes that might occur on a shorter timescale).

The release of carbon dioxide and methane from the Arctic will provide a positive feedback to climate change which will be more important over longer timescales — millennia and longer.

It would require a much stronger relationship of temperature driving CO2 than occurred during the ice age — interglacial oscillations (and it is also important to remember that those changes occurred over much longer timescales too... which is the presumed reason why there is a several hundred year lag time between temperatures starting to rise or fall and CO2 starting to rise or fall).

The correspondence to obvserved changes in C02 on timescales of a couple of years, over the satellite era and to the degree seen even over the 20th century, makes it difficult not to conclude that sources involed in changes of C02 on short timescales are also involved in its change on long timescales.

The researches thus «urge extreme caution in attributing short - term trends (i.e. over many decades and longer) in US tropical cyclone losses to anthropogenic climate change,» stating that «anthropogenic climate change signals are unlikely to emerge in US tropical cyclone losses on timescales of less than a century under the projections examined here.»

«Based on the results from this emergence timescale analysis we urge extreme caution in attributing short - term trends (i.e. over many decades and longer) in normalized US tropical cyclone losses to anthropogenic climate change,» says Crompton.

In particular, anomalously high convection in ENSO and ENSO - related regional cloud changes can lead to negative feedbacks not seen with persistent forcings that operate over longer timescales on a more global basis.

The potential change in the radiative restoration strength over longer timescales is also considered, resulting in a likely (67 %) range of 1.5 — 2.9 K for equilibrium climate sensitivity, and a 90 % confidence interval of 1.2 — 5.1 K

«The only way to predict the day - to - day weather and changes to the climate over longer timescales is to use computer models.»

Only over climate timescales (typically, 30 years or more), do the long - term trends emerge that reflect the influence of changes in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide.»

Furthermore, although not in direct relation to the solar - cloud studies, Brest et al. (1997) state that the ISCCP data are not sensitive enough to detect small changes in cloud cover over long timescales.

Because of the time lags involve in the climate system, short - term changes can be very difficult to predict, but over a long enough timescale, these kinds of effects become all but certain.

Assuming a CR - cloud connection exists, there are various factors which could potentially account for a lack of detection of this relationship over both long and short timescales studies, including: uncertainties, artefacts and measurement limitations of the datasets; high noise levels in the data relative to the (likely low) amplitude of any solar - induced changes; the inability of studies to effectively isolate solar parameters; or the inability to isolate solar - induced changes from natural climate oscillations and periodicities.

Climate scientists would say in response that changes in ocean circulation can't sustain a net change in global temperature over such a long period (ENSO for example might raise or lower global temperature on a timescale of one or two years, but over decades there would be roughly zero net change).

Debates over discounting are longstanding in climate analysis, but as my colleague Jerry Taylor wrote last year, economists who study climate change are inclined to choose lower discount rates because of the inter-generational transfers and long timescales associated with climate change.

When in balance, primary production and respiration processes result in large diel variability (Table 2), but are essentially CO2 - neutral; however, over longer timescales, spatial and / or temporal decoupling of these processes can change pH drastically (Borges and Gypens 2010; Provoost et al. 2010; Cai et al. 2011).

However, large changes occurred over longer (100 Myr) timescales (Tyrrell and Zeebe 2004).

Another point he makes regards the speed of the change in CO2 levels and that somehow overwhelming negative feedbacks that would otherwise occur if the change in CO2 levels happened over a longer timescale.

However, the expectation is that if we average over a sufficiently long timescales (decades) that the response will be roughly linear (I'm thinking specifically about temperature change, and changes to the hydrological cycle).