Sentences with phrase «changes over timescales»

I am also absolutely certain that a species that can already live and survive in regions of the world from the Arctic circle will easily adapt to any changes over the timescales involved.

The aim is to monitor the continent's ongoing shrinking, bulging, and general deformation, watching changes over timescales ranging from days to decades.

Not exact matches

But mostly the changes in a party's fortunes are much harder to spot because they take place over tectonic timescales.

Until now, changes in the relative proportion of rare mutations, that could be both detrimental and adaptive, had only been shown over relatively long timescales, by comparing African and European populations.

Cycles that drive changes in the ocean's chemistry and organisms take place over hours, days, seasons, years and even decades — timescales NEPTUNE can track.

«Additionally, over a longer timescale, by keeping close connection between astrophysicists and climate researchers, this programme will aid in the understanding of our own changing climate.»

«Usually distant galaxies do not change significantly over an astronomer's lifetime, i.e. on a timescale of years or decades,» explains Andrea Merloni, «but this one showed a dramatic variation of its spectrum, as if the central black hole had switched on and off.»

«It helps us understand spatial patterns of climate change and the timescales over which these consequences are relevant.»

This allowed us not only to map the cloud distribution, but also how it changes from rotation to rotation and also over longer timescales: our observations were following the brown dwarfs for more than a year.

For carbon perturbations that take place over shorter timescales, the pace of carbon - cycle changes will not matter; instead, the size or magnitude of the change will determine the likelihood of an extinction event.

We recently extended this record to approximately 120,000 years BP in order to track vegetation change over a full glacial cycle at millennial to orbital timescales.

In a paper published in Science Advances, he proposes that mass extinction occurs if one of two thresholds are crossed: For changes in the carbon cycle that occur over long timescales, extinctions will follow if those changes occur at rates faster than global ecosystems can adapt.

It has been happening since the last deglaciation, and its rate changes over longer timescales than the ones we focused on here.

Climate scientists would say in response that changes in ocean circulation can't sustain a net change in global temperature over such a long period (ENSO for example might raise or lower global temperature on a timescale of one or two years, but over decades there would be roughly zero net change).

Physical geography should concentrate on geological timescales and plate tectonics and the change in climate over the years, from the Ice Age to the present day.

This means that there were large - scale changes in the carbon cycle over a short geological timescale of several tens of thousands of years.

[It is helps us to understand what natural forces are currently at work that could be causing changes... But note that some natural forces like the ones that I talked about above work over much longer timescales than the century timescale over which we are making significant changes in greenhouse gas levels.

Re # 8, any changes in climate over glacial - interglacial timescales have to take into account an additional component: the biogeochemical cycling of atmospheric gases.

[Response: the Milankovitch timescale is long and the forcing barely varies due to orbital changes over 100 years so no, they aren't included (they would be for people modelling the last glacial maximum); solar forcing is modelled by change in total solar irradiance (probably as a total number; not sure if changes at different wavelengths are included)-- William]

Our results support the use of short - term manipulative experiments spanning weeks as proxies to understand the potential effects of global change forcing on diatom community structure over longer timescales such as years.

Changes in this balance over time lead to the changes in greenhouse gas concentrations that have been observed to occur on geological (millions of year) timeChanges in this balance over time lead to the changes in greenhouse gas concentrations that have been observed to occur on geological (millions of year) timechanges in greenhouse gas concentrations that have been observed to occur on geological (millions of year) timescales.

Weather models may or may not include changes in atmos comp — over their timescales, the changes are small — William]

Ricarda Winkelmann et al. modeled the response of the Antarctic ice sheet to a wide range of future carbon emissions scenarios over the long - term (previous simulations have mainly looked at changes that might occur on a shorter timescale).

The release of carbon dioxide and methane from the Arctic will provide a positive feedback to climate change which will be more important over longer timescales — millennia and longer.

The U.S. military seems interested in climate variations / change on timescales from seasonal to scales out to about 30 years, a period over which natural climate variability could very well swamp anthropogenically forced climate change.

It would require a much stronger relationship of temperature driving CO2 than occurred during the ice age — interglacial oscillations (and it is also important to remember that those changes occurred over much longer timescales too... which is the presumed reason why there is a several hundred year lag time between temperatures starting to rise or fall and CO2 starting to rise or fall).

We are talking about temperature changes today over a fifty year (or shorter) period, and we have absolutely no way to look at changes in the «geological past» on this fine of a timescale.

«Evidence indicates that Antarctic bottom water production through the Holocene (last 10,000 years) is not in a steady - state condition [3], that is to say that bottom water production sites shift along the Antarctic margin over decade to century timescales as conditions for the existence of polynas change.

These changes tend to play out over millennia, and unless the deep ocean is far out of balance, its effect over decadal timescales is likely to be relatively small.

The correspondence to obvserved changes in C02 on timescales of a couple of years, over the satellite era and to the degree seen even over the 20th century, makes it difficult not to conclude that sources involed in changes of C02 on short timescales are also involved in its change on long timescales.

The researches thus «urge extreme caution in attributing short - term trends (i.e. over many decades and longer) in US tropical cyclone losses to anthropogenic climate change,» stating that «anthropogenic climate change signals are unlikely to emerge in US tropical cyclone losses on timescales of less than a century under the projections examined here.»

We both seem to agree that there is no reliable evidence to claim that we know if this will actually occur, where this might occur or when it might occur as changes in other conditions seem to be able to dominate the system over timescales of importance to humans.

report that ocean sediment cores containing an «undisturbed history of the past» have been analyzed for variations in PP over timescales that include the Little Ice Age... they determined that during the LIA the ocean off Peru had «low PP, diatoms and fish,» but that «at the end of the LIA, this condition changed abruptly to the low subsurface oxygen, eutrophic upwelling ecosystem that today produces more fish than any region of the world's oceans... write that «in coastal environments, PP, diatoms and fish and their associated predators are predicted to decrease and the microbial food web to increase under global warming scenarios,» citing Ito et al..

Even at 2.0 °C, and certainly above it, it is thought that the Earth would cross certain tipping points, beyond which the operation of the Earth System is changed in an irreversible way, at least over timescales of hundreds of thousands of years.

This is one reason why many observers have suggested that multidecadal changes in ocean heat content may prove to be a more reliable metric than TOA energy imbalances, although the OHC measurements are themselves subject to methodological problems that preclude reliable interpretation over short timescales.

«Based on the results from this emergence timescale analysis we urge extreme caution in attributing short - term trends (i.e. over many decades and longer) in normalized US tropical cyclone losses to anthropogenic climate change,» says Crompton.

The problems with determining a GMT through ever changing stations and methods and instruments over century timescales is daunting, even if one assumes honesty and ignore the power of monetary and political forces to corrupt.

In particular, anomalously high convection in ENSO and ENSO - related regional cloud changes can lead to negative feedbacks not seen with persistent forcings that operate over longer timescales on a more global basis.

The problem is that people have falsely imagined that the orbital changes he was discussing only have effects over timescales of several millennia, at least.

The potential change in the radiative restoration strength over longer timescales is also considered, resulting in a likely (67 %) range of 1.5 — 2.9 K for equilibrium climate sensitivity, and a 90 % confidence interval of 1.2 — 5.1 K

Weather balloons and satellites do a good job of measuring short - term changes and indeed find a hot spot over monthly timescales.

«The only way to predict the day - to - day weather and changes to the climate over longer timescales is to use computer models.»

Only over climate timescales (typically, 30 years or more), do the long - term trends emerge that reflect the influence of changes in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide.»

«Over relatively short, non-climate timescales (less than 20 - 30 years), these patterns of natural variability can lead to all kinds of changes in global and regional near - surface air temperature: flat, increasing, or even decreasing trends,»

Furthermore, although not in direct relation to the solar - cloud studies, Brest et al. (1997) state that the ISCCP data are not sensitive enough to detect small changes in cloud cover over long timescales.

Because of the time lags involve in the climate system, short - term changes can be very difficult to predict, but over a long enough timescale, these kinds of effects become all but certain.

Assuming a CR - cloud connection exists, there are various factors which could potentially account for a lack of detection of this relationship over both long and short timescales studies, including: uncertainties, artefacts and measurement limitations of the datasets; high noise levels in the data relative to the (likely low) amplitude of any solar - induced changes; the inability of studies to effectively isolate solar parameters; or the inability to isolate solar - induced changes from natural climate oscillations and periodicities.

Pallé & Butler (2002a) made a review of the available evidence for cloud changes over decadal timescales and their possible links to solar activity.

Climate scientists would say in response that changes in ocean circulation can't sustain a net change in global temperature over such a long period (ENSO for example might raise or lower global temperature on a timescale of one or two years, but over decades there would be roughly zero net change).

«Based on their results, the researchers conclude that the Arctic Ocean has a previously unrecognized high sensitivity to changes of the freshwater input over multiple timescales, which is manifested in large temperature excursions of the intermediate water layers.»