Scientists discuss how agriculture and irrigation are
changing underground water flows, rerouting them through contaminated ground
Not exact matches
For decades, ocean
water has been moving westward
underground toward these existing drinking supplies for reasons other than climate
change, including historical drainage of inland areas for agricultural development.
For one, experts say that aquifers the states and the EPA once thought would never be needed may soon become important sources of
water as the climate
changes and technology reduces the cost of pumping it from deep
underground and treating it for consumption.
It turns out that the steady dripping of
water deep
underground can reveal a surprising amount of information about the constantly
changing cycles of heat and cold, precipitation and drought in the turbulent atmosphere above.
«It's very cool, because
water can go
underground, it can move around the ocean, it can
change from ice to liquid and runoff, but it can't hide its mass from us,» says Watkins.
Pumping out this
water has
changed the courses of
underground streams, so previously clean
water now flows through arsenic - laden sediments, and wells that used to be pure in villages once healthy suddenly pump out death.
A new study by scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, and the University of California, Irvine, shows that while ice sheets and glaciers continue to melt,
changes in weather and climate over the past decade have caused Earth's continents to soak up and store an extra 3.2 trillion tons of
water in soils, lakes and
underground aquifers, temporarily slowing the rate of sea level rise by about 20 percent.
The EPA did take one tiny step — among the Bush administration's only ones to date — toward tackling global warming last week when it released regs governing how companies may pump and store carbon dioxide
underground (to limit climate
change) without violating the Safe Drinking
Water Act.
Because the new maps reveal microclimates and
changes in the atmospheric
water content over time, they may prove to be useful in the search for
underground water.
Another remarkable place to visit is the five mile long
underground river at Puerto Princesa which flows directly into the sea meaning that the lower reaches of the river are subject to tidal
changes of
water level.
Generally, though the biota may
change or the
waters in these areas be subject to various
changes in pollutants, generally the waterlines are clearly indicated and samples in the top 1 / 3rd can be compared to a basin control either at the «basin bottom» or via
underground cores.
Detailed impacts, however, will vary strongly from region to region and coast to coast and therefore can not be easily generalized, as
changing mean and extreme coastal
water levels depend on a combination of near shore and offshore processes, related to climatic but also non-climatic anthropogenic factors, such as natural land movement arising from tectonics, volcanism or compaction; land subsidence due to anthropogenic extraction of
underground resources; and
changes in coastal morphology resulting from sediment transport induced by natural and / or anthropogenic factors.
An inquiry by the Energy and Climate
Change committee concluded that fracking, the process by which gas is extracted from shale rock, poses no risk to
underground water supplies as long as drilling wells are properly constructed.»
Impervious surfaces such as roads, parking lots, and roofs associated with sprawling urban development significantly
change natural river flow patterns and the recharge of
underground water supplies.