Occasionally, Hartshorne even speaks
of a «besouled body,» but by such language he means only the probability
of certain modes
of action and experience that embody a given personality's
characteristic traits.11 Consequently, he suggests that, when a person's body goes into a
deep, dreamless
sleep, the soul loses its actuality, only to regain it when the person awakens.12 Understandably, therefore, he disregards as inapplicable to his own view Gilbert Ryle's well - known caricature
of Cartesian anthropological dualism as «the dogma
of the Ghost in the Machine» — especially since Hartshorne denies that the human body is a «machine» in any materialistic, mechanical sense.13
At the University
of Lübeck in Germany, neuroscientist Jan Born studies the
deepest stage
of sleep, known as the slow - wave stage because
of its
characteristic electrical rhythm.
Every time their brain signals settled into the slow - wave pattern
characteristic of deep, dreamless
sleep, the researchers sent a series
of beeps through the headphones, gradually getting louder, until the participants» slow - wave patterns dissipated and they entered shallower
sleep.