Historically, scientists used physical
characteristics, like the
shapes of the
leaves or similarities in life cycles, but in the DNA age, the most common
characteristics are sequence - based.
It is complicated because «within a single species,
leaves can have quite diverse
shapes, while
leaves from different species are sometimes quite similar, so one
of the main technical challenges in using
leaves to identify plant species has been to find effective representations
of their
shape, which capture their most important
characteristics.»