Sentences with phrase «charcoal macrofossils»

(iii) Sites with charcoal macrofossils beneath the current organic horizon (corresponding to more than 20 % of the sites of the study area) are stands composed of a relatively dense cover (generally between 10 and 40 %) of black spruce trees and shrubs — i.e. sites burned probably more than twice since initial forest establishment with successful tree regeneration because they are currently forming woodlands and krummholz.

(i) Fire - free sites are those sites without charcoal macrofossils beneath, in, and on the current organic horizon (corresponding to 10 % of the surface of the study area) and with stands composed of a dense cover (generally > 40 %) of black spruce trees and shrubs — i.e. sites free of fire disturbance during a long period, but of unknown duration, of the Holocene.

(iv) Sites with charcoal macrofossils beneath, in, and above the current organic horizon (corresponding to the large majority of the remaining sites of the study area) are treeless stands composed of a much scattered cover (generally < 1 %) of black spruce shrubs — i.e. sites burned probably more than twice since initial forest establishment, without successful tree regeneration and currently forming lichen - shrub tundra.

Not exact matches

Row (A) Calibrated radiocarbon dates with error bars; (B) macrofossil charcoal, an indication of local fires; (C — E) BC, char, and soot MARs; (F) char / soot ratio, an indicator of the relative contribution of smoldering and flaming combustion; (G — I) pollen percentages, proxies for paleoecological variation.