Sentences with phrase «charge carriers»

The motion of individual cells in the body or the transport of charge carriers in energy storage systems can be understood only in the context of the particular environment.

The interaction of charge carriers with magnetic moments is of critical importance but remains a challenge to understand..

By analogy, adding charge carriers breaks up the static pattern, like melting the ice.

Fortunately, the company also charges carriers a fee for services such as encryption and data compression, which it provides through its private network, giving it a cushion against losses in hardware.

As they work, their electrons (or other charge carriers) remain confined entirely within the solid material.

Scientists in the University of York have received funding from EPSRC to optimise charge carrier mobility in nanoporous metal oxide films.

They observed that the particles likely «communicate» with each other through the movement of positive charge carriers (holes) over distances of around 102 nm and over times of between 10 to 102 seconds.

One, gallium selenide, is a «p - type» semiconductor, rich in charge carriers called «holes.»

Nanoscale imaging of charge carrier transport in bismuth vanadate photoanodes via photoconductive atomic force microscopy.

By adding extra charge carriers to their quantum dots, the Los Alamos researchers were able to block absorption and create the state of transparency without external stimulation.

This finding was unexpected because intra-band motion alone is unable to produce charge carriers in the conduction band.

They capture the light and inject electrons as free charges carriers into the TiO2 resulting in current flow.

[98] Longterm areas of study may include Martian lava tubes, resource utilization, and electronic charge carriers in rocks.

Air Berlin is a member of the oneworld alliance and is generally known for being a useful option for those looking to redeem Avios for flights to the US and Middle East because it doesn't charge carrier surcharges on Avios redemptions.

But subsequent scans taken as more charge carriers were added revealed that the static pattern disappeared and electrons began to flow freely in all directions at exactly the same level of doping — close to the point at which the most robust superconductivity sets in.

As you gradually remove some of the pieces — analogous to doping with charge carriers called «holes,» which is what the scientists did — some of the pieces would be free to move according to their usual rules.

And indeed, we verified with a major Android phonemaker that they don't charge carriers for big Android releases, so this is not routine.)

This could make it possible to study «subtle things about how charge carriers behave at a microscopic level, that you can't see from the outside,» Levitov says.

Geometry ensures effective light absorption in very thin layer to minimize charge carrier recombination.

«This band gap is a characteristic of semiconductors and determines which frequencies of light release charge carriers within the material,» explains René Gunder, first author of the work.

In Weyl semimetals, the electrons are more like charge carriers that behave as if they are nearly massless, which makes them highly mobile.

At low charge carrier density, the microscopic flyovers revealed somewhat static, ordered electrons — the «frozen» stripe patterns — and the flow of superconducting electrons limited to only certain directions.

Joint research by Helmholtz - Zentrum Berlin, the University of Rostock, and Freie Universität Berlin as well as other partners has now investigated for the first time how light creates charge carriers in this class of materials and established details about charge mobility and lifetimes.

«These impurities can act as charged defects that trap charge carriers in semiconductors and reduce carriers» mobility, which eventually could deteriorate the performance of transistors.»

They also found that the effect of the curvature leads to a coupling between charge carriers and the variable Gaussian curvature similar to a coupling with a gauge field.

The magnetic field either pushes the positive charges toward the top edge of the strip and the negative charges toward the bottom edge, or if the current is produced by negatively charged carriers, sends them in the opposite directions.

If the new charge carrier is a spin - up electron, for example, it combines with the spin - down hole of the dark exciton, forming a bright exciton that quickly decays and produces a photon.

This thin film is managing to saturate to a large extent the interface defects and to conduct charge carriers out of the cell.

The molecular structure of the active material in the battery electrodes is composed of nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and oxygen (O)-- where the structure is a relatively rigid crystal lattice into which the lithium ions, as mobile charge carriers, can be inserted or extracted.

«When we use different organic materials in the plasmonic structure, we can extend the lifetime of excited charge carriers, therefore they can travel longer within the structure before they get captured by the metal,» says Kaveh - Baghbadorani.

As such, a closely related material, black phosphorus, has been receiving intense research attention because it has a small band gap and a high charge carrier mobility, and can easily be reduced to nanometer thicknesses.

The other, molybdenum diselenide, is an «n - type» semiconductor, rich in electron charge carriers.

Then there is the lithium - ion battery in the luggage compartment to act as the energy accumulator for the hybrid system with a 10 Ah charge carrier capacity and a 48 - volt system.

In Silicon Cells, the sun generates electric charges in the silicon and also transports and separates the positive and negative charged carriers.

The next step may be to use the silicon to help capture light and funnel charge carriers to the gallium nitride towers.

Although metal oxides that absorb visible light are attractive for use as photoanodes in photoelectrosynthetic cells, their performance is often limited by poor charge carrier transport.

As she had paid the cost of her contract in full, this fee had no link to reality — it was just a punitive charge her carrier could hit her with under the harsh terms of her contract.

«The electron transport layer (TiO2) and the transport material for positive charge carriers (Spiro MeOTAD) do not actually come into direct contact.

To read the dark exciton, an extra charge carrier is introduced — in this case, a spin - down electron.

Gallium arsenide is a technologically important narrow - band - gap semiconductor, in which the excitation of electrons from the valence into the conduction band produces charge carriers that can transport electrical current through electronics components.

As a result, they are no longer immediately available as free charge carriers,» explains Mario Borgwardt, doctoral student on Aziz» team.

The difference lies in the behaviour of electronic charge carriers (that is, electrons and the holes they leave behind) in the crystalline material.

Disappearing stripes linked with free electron movement: Scientists used a precision microscope to simultaneously explore electrons» arrangements and movements as charge carriers called holes were added to transform a copper - oxide material from an insulator to a superconductor.

Nanoscale Imaging of Charge Carrier Transport in Monoclinic Bismuth Vanadate Photoanodes via Atomic Force Microscopy.

The focus is on recombination of charge carriers because this process is ultimately limiting the performance.

We realised that this would allow the microscopic control over the distribution of charged carriers in a bulk semiconductor (e.g. traditional Si microchips) in a nonlinear manner.

For enhancing the efficiency of light absorption and light conversion into electrical signals, charge carriers are generated at a titanium - silicon transition and taken up at another gold - silicon transition.

The properties of Weyl semimetals include both magnetism and topological semimetal behavior, in which electrons — or charge carriers — are nearly massless and immune to conduction defects.

The other key innovation was in the formulation of the salt used in the battery's middle layer, called the electrolyte, that charge carriers, or ions, must cross as the battery is used.

At the same time, positive charge carriers, known as electron vacancies or holes, oxidize water to oxygen.