Hispanic
charter students gained 29 days of learning in reading and 17 days of learning in math compared to their peers in district schools.
Stanford University's Center for Research on Education Outcomes (CREDO) found that NYC
charter students gained an additional one month of learning per year in reading over their district - school peers; in math the advantage was five months of additional learning each year.
Not exact matches
The minor
gains that NYC
students made on state reading and math tests aren't good enough, according to Eva Moskowitz, the Success Academy
charter school founder, who blasted Mayor de Blasio for the incremental improvements at a press conference in her Wall Street headquarters.
«Once again, New York City's public
charter schools are driving the
gains made by the city's highest - need
students,» said Families for Excellent Schools CEO Jeremiah Kittredge.
Is his choice more
charters to serve investors that reap monetary
gain and hedge (pun intended) their perception of success by returning troubled
students to their local public institution?
More importantly, in a series of studies of individual cities, this very same research organization found that
charter students were realizing huge academic
gains.
Another way to think about these
gains is to understand that, for every year they spend in a
charter school,
students make up 12 percent of the distance from failing to proficient in math.
Opponents argue that whatever
gains may accrue to
charter students, the cost to the public school system is far too high.
These charges seemed odd, given that the best studies available on the subject — from Stanford University's Center for Research on Education Outcomes (CREDO)-- show that Michigan
charter students make large academic
gains relative to similar
students at district schools, particularly in Detroit.
The Mathematica study of
charter middle schools, just released by the U. S. Department of Education, finds no achievement
gains within two years for
students who won the
charter lottery as compared to those who did not.
For Spring Branch, that means the
charter students, whom they consider «their» kids as well,
gain access to electives that
charter students don't normally get — the opportunity to play in a band or orchestra, take art or choir.
The CREDO report found that
students in Boston
charter schools
gain the equivalent of 259 additional days of instruction in math and 245 days in reading compared to their counterparts in traditional district schools.
Despite making far larger test - score
gains than
students attending open - enrollment district schools, and despite the emphasis their schools place on cultivating non-cognitive skills,
charter school
students exhibit markedly lower average levels of self - control as measured by
student self - reports (see Figure 2).
Tuttle, et al's recent evaluation of KIPP
charter schools also finds large achievement test
gains for
charter students but little or no attainment benefit.
It found significant
gains for disadvantaged
students in
charter schools but the opposite for wealthy suburban
students in
charter schools.
They have been embraced by Presidents Clinton, Bush, and Obama, and they have
gained strong support in African American and Hispanic communities, where
students are benefiting the most from
charters.
During this same period, high - performing urban
charters grew rapidly and produced exceptional
gains in test scores and college enrollment rates for black and Latino
students.
According to a rigorous Harvard evaluation, every year Jefferson
students gain two and a half times as much in math and five times as much in English as the average school in New York City's relatively high - performing
charter sector.
The fact that traditional public schools experienced net
gains in performance, despite a slight decrease in average
student quality, suggests that our estimates of the effects of
charter - school competition may understate the true effect of
charters on traditional public schools.
The school that stuck with the program (IS 228 in Brooklyn) posted
student growth
gains on the state assessment that were twice the average of NYC schools overall in its second year, and proficiency
gains that exceeded both the city and
charter school norms.
And, finally, do
students who attend traditional public schools subject to competition from
charter schools make larger achievement
gains than they would have in the absence of
charter schools?
Thus we use a method that in effect compares the test - score
gains of individual
students in
charter schools with the test - score
gains made by the same
students when they were in traditional public schools.
We first compare the average
gains made by all
students in
charter schools with the
gains made by
students in traditional public schools, taking into account differences in gender, ethnicity, and the highest level of education completed by their parents.
Early evidence suggested that quality control was indeed a concern: The achievement
gains made by
charter students in Arizona, in particular, often lagged that of their district peers through 2012.
Sarah Cordes of Temple University shows that elementary schools in New York City see a notable uptick in
student achievement, attendance, and grade completion when a
charter school opens nearby — and that these
gains are largest when the schools are «co-located» in the same facility.
We address three main questions: Do
students attending
charter schools in these grades make larger or smaller
gains in achievement than they would have made in traditional public schools?
Thirty - seven percent of the
students for whom we observe test - score
gains at least once in both sectors attended a traditional public school after they were in a
charter school, while the same is true of only 30 percent of all
students in
charter schools.
If
charter schools were primarily established in response to dissatisfaction with traditional public schools, they would tend to be located in areas with low - quality traditional public schools where
students would tend to make below - average test - score
gains.
Students in these grades make considerably smaller achievement
gains in
charter schools than they would have in traditional public schools, and the negative effects are not limited to schools in their first year of operation.
Our results suggest that traditional public schools did not respond to competition from
charter schools by becoming more effective, at least as measured by the learning
gains made by individual
students in the years immediately following establishment of
charter schools.
The CREDO analysis also shows that Michigan's low - income
students, who comprise the vast majority of
charter students in Detroit, make modest achievement
gains (less than a month of additional learning in math each year) compared to district schools, as do black and Hispanic
students.
As explained above, we address the problem of self - selection by comparing the
gains made by
students the years they were in
charter schools with the
gains made by the same
students the years they were in traditional public schools.
Second,
students who choose to remain in
charter schools do not continue to make smaller
gains than
students in traditional public schools after their initial year in a
charter school.
This pattern provides strong evidence that the smaller
gains made by these
charter school
students are indeed due to the quality of the schools they attend rather than to any unobserved differences between
charter school
students and
students in traditional public schools.
Although our data do not allow us to address this issue directly while still accounting for the self - selection of
students into
charter schools, simple comparisons indicate that
students who entered
charter schools in the later grades made smaller
gains in math (but not reading) than
students who entered earlier.
In the end, our analysis of
charter school effectiveness is based on the experiences of only those
students for whom we observe annual
gains (whether positive or negative) in test scores at least once in a
charter school and at least once in a traditional public school.
The results of our analysis of these «switchers,» which continues to take into account the difficulties associated with moving between schools, again indicate that
students make smaller
gains while enrolled in
charter schools, by nearly 0.10 standard deviations in reading and 0.16 standard deviations in math.
However, it is also clear that the initial achievement hit these
students take is not offset by
gains in subsequent years, so that even this group, which is harmed least by attending a
charter school, still has lower levels of achievement as a result of attending a
charter school.
Alex Hernandez of the
Charter School Growth Fund celebrated: «[CREDO] reports that the 107,000
students whose schools receive support from the
Charter School Growth Fund
gain, on average, the equivalent of four additional months of learning in math and three additional months of learning in reading each year when compared to peers in other public schools.»
If the
students continued to make such
gains for each year they spent in
charter schools (a big «if»), then the gap between the
charter school
students and their suburban counterparts would close entirely after about five years of school.
Such studies, which compare the annual
gains made by
students in
charter schools with the
gains made by the same
student while attending a traditional public school, draw only on the experiences of
students who were tested for at least two years in the regular public schools before attending a
charter school.
California is probably the best example of the difficulties of searching for reliable data on the question of academic
gains for suburban
charter students.
Similarly, the Stanford University Center for Research on Education Outcomes [4] found in a 2013 study that after only a year, New York City
charter school
students gained substantially more in reading and math than their traditional school peers.
Across all tested
students in online
charters, the typical academic
gains for math are -0.25 standard deviations (equivalent to 180 fewer days of learning) and -0.10 (equivalent to 72 fewer days) for reading.
Based on the findings presented here, the typical
student in Michigan
charter schools
gains more learning in a year than his [traditional public school (TPS)-RSB- counterparts, amounting to about two months of additional
gains in reading and math.
Mathematica's survey of online school leaders gives important insight as to why
students may not be making
gains: online
charter schools offer only 3 to 6 hours of «synchronous» (teachers and
students in «live» contact online) instruction per week; school leaders say they struggle the most with
student engagement; and it's clear that parents are expected to play an active role in instruction and in making sure that
students stay on track.
The analysts then focused on
charter and district
students who landed in higher - quality schools after closure, and there they found even larger cumulative learning
gains.
We could spend an entire EdNext volume arguing over the CREDO results alone, but I think some things are clear: one, nationally, low - income kids
gain faster in
charters than in district schools; two, many of CREDO's state and city - specific studies show very strong comparative
gains for low - income
charter students; and three, the movement as a whole has made significant progress by doing exactly what the model calls for and closing low - performing schools.
When
charter students moved to higher - quality schools, they
gained an additional fifty - eight days of learning in reading and eighty - eight days of learning in math by the third year after their school closed.
Some in the
charter movement might prefer a value - added approach to accountability, one that looks at the
gains made in
student learning each year.