Sentences with phrase «chemical reaction steps»

Not exact matches

A homely example12 may clarify how networks (say, of chemical reactions) would be expected to become simpler with the passage of time, as unnecessary steps drop out.

The electrons provide the energy for the next step, causing the reactions that transform one chemical into another.

In today's issue of Science, Cronin and his colleagues report printing a series of interconnected reaction vessels that carry out four different chemical reactions involving 12 separate steps, from filtering to evaporating different solutions.

For its food, the artificial pump draws power from chemical reactions, driving molecules step - by - step from a low - energy state to a high - energy state — far away from equilibrium.

Whereas molecular gastronomy uses scientific techniques to induce weird and wonderful chemical transformations in traditional ingredients, note - by - note cooking goes a step further: it uses chemical reactions to produce meals from chemical compounds and cooking alone.

Theorists at Caltech used quantum mechanics to predict what was happening at atomic scales, while experimentalists at the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (Berkeley Lab) used X-ray studies to analyze the steps of the chemical reaction.

Chemical reactions take place so rapidly — often within picoseconds, or a trillionth of a second — that chemists expect intermediate steps in the reaction to be too brief to observe.

«So manipulating the reaction conditions for this deprotection step, and monitoring closely the resultant chemical functionalities, is critical in tuning the electrical properties of radical polymers,» Boudouris said.

The team found that with the right combination of metals, voltage, and temperature, STEP's coulombic efficiency (a classic measure of chemical yield used to determine how efficiently the product is made) hovered around 95 %, meaning that in STEP's case, 95 % of the current worked toward producing the carbon nanofibers, and only 5 % powered other side reactions.

In the study, the authors describe a new chemical reaction that converts simple starting materials into architecturally complex molecules (a collection of atoms bonded to one another) called «decalins» in a single step.

«Our algorithm allows researchers to identify which part of a molecule is most susceptible to mechanical stress, and thus the algorithm is a significant step in the design of more efficient ways of harnessing mechanical energy to activate chemical reactions,» Quapp said.

Industry currently separates out the sugars from the lignin through a two - step process using harsh chemicals and reaction conditions in the first step, and an expensive enzyme in the second step.

In total, the process takes 29 different chemical reactions — an improvement on the 57 steps previously reported because with each step, some material is lost.

«In step toward controlling chemistry, physicists create a new molecule, atom by atom: Study paves the way for creating on, off buttons for chemical reactions.»

These are key steps towards creating a TNA enzyme that can control a chemical reaction, just like RNA.

Utilising photosynthesis to catalyse chemical reactions is a promising step towards this aim.

The last step, which makes the process cost - effective, involves recycling the chemicals used in the different reactions.

For the first time, chemists have successfully produced an artificial cell containing organelles capable of carrying out the various steps of a chemical reaction.

The Fischer - Tropsch process is a chemical reaction that uses catalysts to convert two gases, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, to liquid fuels in a simple, one - step process.

Researchers have developed a 3D printing process that creates a chemically active catalytic object in a single step, opening the door to more efficient ways to produce catalysts for complex chemical reactions in a wide scope of industries.

In each step, the body performs chemical reactions that facilitate break down.

Students determine whether the heat released in a chemical reaction changes when the reaction is carried out in steps.

Created by allowing a chemical reaction to occur and then stepping back, in line with that attitude — of the creator quickly ceasing to control the work — he said he was curious to see what happened to Seizure but, in the end, unsentimental.