Sentences with phrase «chemical reactions such»

The discovery is providing insights into important industrial chemical reactions such as those that occur while making plastics and fuels.

The discovery, reported in Angewandte Chemie International Edition on July 29, is providing new insights into important industrial chemical reactions such as those that occur while making plastics and fuels.

But test scores and other evidence show that many U.S. middle and high school students struggle to understand even basic chemical reactions such as oxidation or photosynthesis.

Not exact matches

They are nothing more than units of chemical reactions and a steel cross will not impact the rate or quality of such chemical reactions in any way.

Maybe... A more fatalist approach would tell us that we are all indeed robots, subject to chemical reactions, electrical impulses, physical law, in such a detailed and profound way that we are actually able to perceive ourselves as having free thought — making choices and decisions, having feelings, reacting to input.

The universe, however, is such a vast place in which so many chemical reactions take place in so many different circu - mstances that even the most ridiculously unlikely chemical events can be effectively inevitable.

Such intense heat, according to food chemistry expert Harold McGee, triggers «browning reactions, exceedingly complex chemical changes that involve mostly proteins and carbohydrates.»

Highly acidic foods, such as sauces like BBQ and ketchup, have a higher risk of changes to their chemical composition due to their low pH. Both acid hydrolysis (decomposition) and the reaction of additives and substitutions are accelerated and dictated by the temperatures that the ingredients are exposed to.

Some may be related to the diaper itself, such as an allergic reaction or sensitivity to the dyes in diapers; chemical irritation from scented diapers, wipes, soap or lotions; the detergent used on cloth diapers; or texture irritation from the diaper material itself.

There could be multiple reasons leads to such a reaction to the skin; for instance, it could be due to a medication reaction, allergies, infection, insect bites, using unsuitable overnight diapers for sensitive skin or even exposure to some chemicals.

A good number of sunscreens, especially chemical sunscreens, contain ingredients such as parabens and preservatives that can cause reactions.

It would be surprising to find chemical reactions similar to those we believe are required for water - based biochemistry operating at such temperatures.

The nanowires collect sunlight, much like the light - absorbing layer on a solar panel, and the bacteria use the energy from that sunlight to carry out chemical reactions that turn carbon dioxide into a liquid fuel such as isopropanol.

However, amine scrubbing is a costly process, so researchers are constantly looking for new amine chemicals with more desirable qualities such as fast absorption rates, high CO2 capacity, and low heat of reaction.

The outcomes of a number of different chemical reactions, such as ionization vs. dissociation of diatomic sodium, have employed this method.

Rather than using approximations in order to simulate a chemical reaction computationally, which can be quite constraining for complicated many - body reactions, the experimental version of optimization bypasses the need for any such approximations.

Enzymes are special types of proteins that speed up chemical reactions, such as the digestion of food in your stomach.

The fact that a rather benign mechanical mechanism such as a propagating sound field can produce atomic reactions is a quite remarkable and has attracted considerable scientific attention (see «The Chemical Effects of Ultrasound,» by Kenneth S. Suslick in Scientific American, Vol.

Electrochemical devices such as batteries use chemical reactions to create and store energy.

That group subsequently confined the molecules in crystals of light to inhibit such chemical reactions.

«The findings are noteworthy not only because this chemical reaction simplifies the laboratory preparation of such species, but also because our study reveals a unique mode of reactivity associated with metal - carbon bonds that are embedded in complex carbon - based structures.

The metal in the glove — used to protect those handling radiological materials such as plutonium — likely acted as a catalyst for a chemical reaction generating heat, said Wirth, chairman of the committee, which oversees the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.

Fermions are quantum particles such as electrons which are the fundamental basis of superconductors, chemical reactions or high - energy processes.

That reaction concerns Jonathan Tucker, director of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Program at the Monterey Institute of International Studies in Washington, D.C. «The smallpox situation sets a troubling precedent for other infectious diseases, such as polio and measles,» he says.

Birthday boy Gerhard Ertl wins the 2007 Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing important new methods for investigating chemical reactions that take place on surfaces — catalytic converters and fuel cells depend on such surface chemistry.

Chemists have long sought to develop new reactions for the direct conversion of simple hydrocarbon building blocks into valuable materials such as pharmaceuticals in a way that dependably creates the same chemical bonds and orientations.

Energy storage devices, such as fuel cells and rechargeable batteries, convert chemical energy into electricity through a chemical reaction.

In addition, it enables dynamic processes, such as chemical reactions and electronic switching phenomena, to be visualized in real time in three dimensions with sub-nanometre precision.

So far researchers have used such coherence induced by laser beams to control molecular dissociation and have considered it as the basis for possible control of chemical reactions using photons.

Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered novel compounds produced by certain types of chemical reactions — such as those found in vehicle exhaust or grilling meat — that are hundreds of times more mutagenic than their parent compounds which are known carcinogens.

Noble metals such as platinum are useful as catalysts for versatile chemical reactions including fuel cell vehicles and reduction of CO2 emission.

Such frigid temperatures will halt the chemical reactions in any battery unless it's surrounded by some stellar insulation.

PHOTO - CATALYZATION A process that uses light to speed up chemical reactions, such as the breakdown of pollutants

It could help answer some of the most fundamental and challenging questions of chemical science; such as how molecules react with each other at the atomistic level; what drives formation of one product instead of another; as well as aid the discovery of brand new chemical reactions.

Tolstikhin and his colleagues are working in the field of attophysics — a science which looks at very fast processes (1 attosecond, as = 10 ^ -LRB--18) s) such as the restructuring of electron shells or the displacement of atomic nuclei in molecules during chemical reactions.

The material had to be such that the solvents used in chemical reaction studies would not dissolve anything from it.

Such images could give a deeper understanding of chemical reactions, and may help researchers size up molecules for use as electrical components in tiny circuits.

«With our computer simulations, we can for the first time follow chemical reactions that occur with such high complexity in nature that they can not always be captured experimentally.

Rather than wrenches, nuts and bolts, the drawers in the chemical industry's «toolbox» contain commonly used processes, such as ways to make carbon compounds or oxidation - reduction reactions.

(Such low air temperatures encourage the formation of icy clouds in the upper atmosphere known as polar stratospheric clouds, which foster the chemical reactions that turn harmless chlorine compounds into ozone eradicators.)

Martin Lercher of the University of Bath in England and his colleagues studied a benign strain of Escherichia coli to see how the common intestine dweller picked up new parts for its metabolic network — the internal system of chemical reactions that produce the necessities of life, such as amino acids or cellular structures.

In another approach, his group has demonstrated in the lab all the chemical reactions necessary to turn biomass such as corn fiber into biocrude, an intermediate product on the way to gasoline and diesel fuel, he says, although the reactions are not yet efficient enough to operate on a large scale.

Of particular significance is his ground - breaking discovery of «injelititis» — the chemical reaction within organisations when the concentration of incompetence and jealousy among senior management reaches such a level that the whole organisation becomes moribund.

The other is a chemical reaction called serpentization, a mineral alteration reaction that is common in such ancient rocks.

Background Chemicals can undergo many different reactions, such as synthesis reactions that create new substances, or combustion reactions, in which a substance usually reacts with oxygen and generates energy in the form of heat.

Upon ultraviolet light exposure, a chemical reaction occurs such that the interaction between the reinforcing agents and the polymer increases, thus making the material stiffer and stronger.

«Our next goal is to utilize such structurally simple, inexpensive manganese catalysts to target other types of reactions in which CO2 and hydrogen can be converted into useful organic chemicals,» concluded Prof. Khusnutdinova.

These reactions play a huge role in the catalysis - driven creation of common chemical platforms such as methanol, which is produced on the order of 10 million tons per year as raw material for chemicals production and for uses like fuel.

Such rapid pulses allow the devices to interact with the nervous system but don't create the toxic chemical reactions.

We know now that such a transformation requires not a chemical reaction but a nuclear one, far beyond the reach of the technology of the time.