Sentences with phrase «chemical signals which»

«The Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena investigates the role, diversity and characteristics of chemical signals which control the interactions between organisms and their environment.

Not exact matches

The human body has about 1,000 kinds of such receptors, structures on the surface of cells, which let the body respond to a wide variety of chemical signals, like adrenaline.

Lewis wonders whether hermit crabs release chemical signals to attract nearby crabs and start a vacancy chain, which is what she wants to investigate next.

For some years now, a new class of drugs called antibody - drug conjugates (ADCs) have been used, which work in two ways: they consist of an antibody that binds selectively to the tumor cell receptor and interrupts the signal to propagate; they also act as a transport vehicle for a chemical substance that enters the cancer cells with the antibody and triggers their death.

The new microbiota may trigger weight loss, says gastroenterologist Lee Kaplan of Massachusetts General Hospital, by sending chemical signals that cause the human host to burn more calories, which helps use up the body's fat reserves.

By analyzing chemical changes of the IRS - 2 protein in immortalized cultures of human white blood cells, it determined that IRS - 2 appeared in two different forms — «on,» which allows the signal to pass through, and «off,» which stops the signal from activating the cells into M2 macrophages.

It targets nicotinic 42 receptors (see «Mixed signals»), which normally receive chemical signals from the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Similarly, the signals trigger an increase in toxic chemicals such as nitric oxide, quinolonic acid, and kynurenic acid, which are bad for the functioning of nerve cells.

About ten years ago, research results showed that things are not quite as simple as that: «Under most conditions, H2O2 is not an undesired side product but rather an essential chemical messenger that plays an important role in regulating the way in which body cells respond to signals from outside such as hormones and growth factors,» says Dr. Tobias Dick of the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ).

Ultimately, these neurons form a circuit between the brain and the target tissue through which chemical and electrical signals are relayed.

On further investigation, they discovered that, in fact, the conjoined amoebas actually send out a chemical distress signal, to which the midwives respond.

The authors note that more work must be done, however, because only one of these species engaged in a full cycle of listening and speaking in which the artificial cells sensed the molecules coming from the bacteria, and the bacteria could perceive the chemical signal sent in return.

In this rewriting of the textbooks, a tumor is not just a clump of aberrant cells; it also includes a support system, a tumor microenvironment, which encompasses a multitude of varying immune cell types and crisscrossing chemical signals, along with a network of blood vessels.

One way the social wasps have found to increase the efficiency of their defence is through chemical signals, called alarm pheromones, which are used to rouse the colony to action and mark intruders for attack.

In the brain, cytokines can disrupt the production and release of several important signaling chemicals, including serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, which help control emotion, appetite, sleep, learning and memory.

Among the issues to be resolved there would be, for example, how to identify the environmental factors that control the production of aggressive morphs; what costs and benefits interaction involves for each participant; the taxonomic status of the deceit and the variability level in the chemical signal used for misleading ants; or what happens with related aphid species which also relate with ants.

Bacterial cells communicate with one another by using chemical signal molecules, which they synthesize and secrete into their surroundings.

The researchers engineered a strain in which a Synechococcus gene normally turned on during photosynthesis signals its activity by switching on the gene for luciferase, an enzyme from another bacterium that drives a light - emitting chemical reaction.

As many as 20 % of people who develop sepsis will die, not from the infection itself — but from the overload of inflammatory chemical signals created by the immune system which ultimately leads to organ failure.

We also fed the predators in these compartments with larvae so that they produced chemical signals indicative of predation which could be detected by the larvae in the experiment,» Orizaola explains.

Dopamine, a molecule crucial for signaling between neurons, can not cross this barrier, which is why its chemical precursor, L - dopa, is used instead to treat Parkinson's disease.

The design was specific to that of a biological synapse — a small gap that exists between adjoining neurons over which chemical and electrical signals are passed.

The webs contain a chemical, secreted with the silk, that signals their owners» sex and which is released into the air.

The toxin blocked the chemical signals from nerves which were instructing the sphincter to contract.

This transformation is triggered by chemical signals, which could be blocked in order to stop cancer cells from spreading.

Jarjour and his team studied a family of immune response genes called toll - like receptors (TLRs), which are responsible for sending out chemical «danger signals» when a bacteria or virus is detected.

Researchers at the University of Sheffield investigated a drug called dasatinib, which works by blocking certain chemical signals that stimulate the growth of cancer cells.

Chemical marks on the histones, which sheathe our chromosomal DNA in each cell's nucleus, act as «stop» and «go» traffic signals.

Alterations in the genetic coding for a nerve cell receptor, which detects a chemical signal that is key to behavioral change, could point the way to designing therapies most effective for patients suffering from schizophrenia, drug addiction and other mental illnesses.

These electrically charged chemicals accumulate at the receptor nodules of antenna - like dendrites and activate the cell body, which in turn shoots an electric signal down the neuron's output wire, the axon.

By performing different biochemical assays, the researchers observed that PLK4 is capable of auto - regulating its levels by adding chemical groups of phosphate to itself, which will act as a signal for destruction.

Because it is among the receptors targeted by the new class of antidepressants, they focused on mGluR5, which responds to a number of chemical signals.

«Rather than having to engraft stem cells into a patient, which can be challenging, we might be able to put those chemical signals into a drug that can be used to deliver the therapy much more easily,» said Lane.

The vessels are lined with endothelial cells, which secrete chemical signals that help stem cell survive.

When Lin engineered the telomerase - expressing hepatocytes to die in response to a chemical signal and gave the mice with a liver - damaging chemical, he found that those animals in which the telomerase cells had been killed exhibited much more severe liver scarring than those in which the cells were functional.

But to reveal synapses — the minute signalling junctions through which electrical or chemical signals flow — nanometer - resolution electron microscopy is required.

They release more and more neurotoxic chemicals, and those, in turn, excite neurons, creating a feedback loop: overstimulated glia cause more and more inflammation, which activates stronger pain signals from neurons and amplifies pain.

These researchers are part of PNNL's Transformational Materials Science Initiative, which is investigating novel nanomaterials and technologies that generate electronic signals in the presence of specific chemicals or biological agents.

The excited atoms, in turn, emit signals that can be used to create images of the brain, muscle, and other tissues, which can be distinguished based on the local physical and chemical environment of the water molecules.

Which animal a lab uses will depend on how closely parts of its body or chemical - signaling systems match those in people.

To help things along, the team initiated a chemical reaction known as the TGF - ß signaling pathway during the early stages of reprogramming, which further improved reprogramming success rates.

Neurons transmit chemical signals in a fleeting «kiss - and - run» process, which in large part determines how quickly neurons can fire, according to new studies by Howard Hughes Medical Institute...

Registry parts include operators, which are segments of DNA to which repressor proteins bind to prevent gene transcription; cell - cell signaling elements, which produce defined outputs in response to specific chemical inputs; and riboregulators, which can be used to suppress the expression of particular genes by preventing translation of proteins they express.

By utilizing the tools of cell and molecular biology, he studies the mechanisms by which chemical (for example, specific cell adhesion molecules) or mechanical signals (for example, cyclic strain) are sensed by cells and alter their proliferation and specialization to either promote tissue growth or destruction.

However, some of the signaling chemicals bacteria make can work primarily in their host (which may even be a human).

Melatonin decreased inflammation and normalized adipokines, which are important fat — signaling chemicals.

Your brain communicates with your muscles by releasing a chemical neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which signals them to contract.

How exactly the drug works is not understood, although it's believed that it calms down hyperactive neurons and could affect the release of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals in the brain that transmit signals from one neuron to another.

To make matters worse, as you age, you make fewer of the chemicals your brain needs to function properly — including the signaling brain chemical acetylcholine, which helps support memory and cognition.

It regulates the pituitary gland, which in turn sends chemical signals to the ovaries promoting ovulation.