We know that secure parent -
child attachment results in better social and emotional wellbeing among children.
Physical punishment is associated with a range of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent —
child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.37
Not exact matches
As a
result, this strong
attachment helps
children develop the capacity for secure, empathic, peaceful, and enduring relationships that follow them into adulthood.
But preliminary
results already show powerful gap - closing effects for Educare students: If disadvantaged
children enter Educare before their first birthday, they usually are, by the first day of kindergarten, essentially caught up with the national average on tests of basic knowledge and language comprehension, as well as on measures of noncognitive factors like
attachment, initiative, and self - control.
Bed bonding
results in more independent
children: Generally speaking, research around secure and insecure
attachments show that
children that are securely attached to their parents become independent more easily and those that are insecurely attached end up being anxious or overly dependent.
Reactive
Attachment Disorder (RAD) is usually the result of a disruption of or trauma to the attachment process such as a history of physical or sexual abuse, neglect and / or frequent change in caregivers within the first three years of a chi
Attachment Disorder (RAD) is usually the
result of a disruption of or trauma to the
attachment process such as a history of physical or sexual abuse, neglect and / or frequent change in caregivers within the first three years of a chi
attachment process such as a history of physical or sexual abuse, neglect and / or frequent change in caregivers within the first three years of a
child's life.
I have seen this in many parents, no matter their
child - rearing approach —
attachment parenting or no — and most often in new parents or in parents trying something new that they hope will create better
results but, they realize, stepping out from the familiar carries risk and with that risk comes fear.
Children raised with detached parents tend to be forced into premature independence through sleep training, rigid discipline, and too early and / or prolonged separation from parents, often
resulting in long - term dependency,
attachment, and satisfaction issues.
The
attachment between both the custodial and non-custodial parent and
child can suffer as a
result of the emotional negativity, inconsistent structure within and across homes, and rejection and loss that often occur soon after divorce.
Optimal development occurs with the timely resolution of early trauma and the
resulting secure
attachment between parents and
children.
Attachment is an interpersonal, interactive process that
results in a
child feeling safe, secure, and able to develop healthy, emotionally meaningful relationships.
the effects of infant
child care on infant - mother
attachment security:
results of the nicHD Study of early
child care.
A
child with reactive
attachment disorder (RAD) has been subject to neglect or abuse and fails to establish the expected bond with his primary caregivers,
resulting in irritability, sadness, fearfulness and difficulty interacting with adults or peers.
When parental
attachments don't form properly (as a
result of abuse, neglect or harmful parenting), the
child is less likely to develop a strong sense of independence.
When a young
child is required against his or her will to sleep overnight away from his or her primary
attachment person, long - lasting emotional and interpersonal problems can
result.
The primary focus of my cranial expertise includes examining chronic pain manifested throughout the body;
attachment problems
resulting in trauma held in the body;
children and adults suffering from focus and concentration withdraw; and a desire to become more present to self.
Reactive
attachment disorder may
result when
children aren't given proper care by stable and consistent caregivers.
It sounds too close to the much maligned «
attachment therapy» of the 70's and 80's that
resulted in
children's deaths and has had questionable
results since its inception.
As a
result of preoccupied adults, their
children will likely to have ambivalent
attachments with them too, because their own issues cause them to be unpredictable.
These theories proposed that
attachment was merely the
result of the feeding relationship between the
child and the caregiver.
This documentary tells the story of a six year old girl, Beth Thomas, labeled as «The
Child Of Rage,» tells her story of healing from Reactive
Attachment Disorder as a
result of being sexually abused.
The step - parent will need to show a level of commitment and
attachment to the
child, most likely as a
result of their having lived together or having spent significant time together so that they have become part of the
child's life.
Children with
attachment difficulties suffer from constant fear as a
result of past trauma.
I have to say that my biggest problem was getting the professionals not to jump to the conclusion that, because they had been adopted, all my
children's problems
resulted from
attachment disorder.
Congruently, a mother with BPD's history of traumatic early experiences and a maladaptive
attachment status
results in behavioral patterns that are less supportive of
child autonomy.
Enhancing
attachment organization among maltreated
children:
Results of a randomized clinical trial
«Aren't the findings of
attachment research merely the
results of the inherited impact of our constitutional temperament rather than how parents impact
children?»
If, however, a six - month RTI with the Contingent Visitation Schedule is not successful in resolving the
child's attachment - related pathology, then a move into a 9 - month protective separation period would be warranted as a standard of practice response to the DSM - 5 diagnosis of Child Psychological Abuse which, based on the results of the RTI with the Contingent Visitation Schedule, can not otherwise be resolved without a protective separation of the child from the abusive pathogenic pa
child's
attachment - related pathology, then a move into a 9 - month protective separation period would be warranted as a standard of practice response to the DSM - 5 diagnosis of
Child Psychological Abuse which, based on the results of the RTI with the Contingent Visitation Schedule, can not otherwise be resolved without a protective separation of the child from the abusive pathogenic pa
Child Psychological Abuse which, based on the
results of the RTI with the Contingent Visitation Schedule, can not otherwise be resolved without a protective separation of the
child from the abusive pathogenic pa
child from the abusive pathogenic parent.
The
attachment between both the custodial and non-custodial parent and
child can suffer as a
result of the emotional negativity, inconsistent structure within and across homes, and rejection and loss that often occur soon after divorce.
Research by Raineki, Moriceau, and Sullivan describes the neuro - biology of «infant
attachment to an abusive caregiver» and they link the increased motivation to bond to the abusive parent to be the
result of the survival advantage provided to
children by the
attachment bond.
Conflict causes
children to perceive the world as a negative place and may
result in an insecure
attachment towards others: trouble building relationships, connecting with parents.
And other
results produced by Femmie Juffer of Leiden University, The Netherlands, studying adopted
children (Juffer 2005): if adoptive parents have a number of consultations with an advisor about common
attachment problems for one year after adoption, more
children will display a secure / autonomous
attachment, compared to a control group of non-advised adoptive parents.
These
children have developed this
attachment style due to their caregiver's emotional state ranging from varying emotional extremes (depression, rage, strict, passive)
resulting in the
child potentially being fearful of them (Capuzzi, Stauffer, & O'Neil, 2016).
This
attachment style is usually the
result of summation of experiences in which the
child has learned that they are unable to depend on their primary caregiver for their emotional needs due to the caregiver's inconsistency, lack of appropriate response, or outright neglect.
Results were summarised for
child development (behaviour, cognitive development, psychomotor development and communication / language) and parent —
child relationship (relationship, sensitivity and
attachment classification) outcomes for the following assessment times: postintervention (PI — immediately after intervention ending), short - term (ST — less than 6 months after intervention ending), medium - term (MT — 7 — 12 months after intervention ending) and long - term (LT — more than 12 months after intervention ending) follow - up.
RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that long - term success (at least 5 % weight reduction by the 1 - year follow - up) versus failure (dropping out or less weight reduction) was significantly predicted by the set of psychosocial variables (family adversity, maternal depression, and
attachment insecurity) when we controlled for familial obesity, preintervention overweight, age, and gender of the index
child and parental educational level.
His
results, often called Bowlby's
Attachment Theory, give many insights on the effects of emotional separation between mother and
child.
Other sources of
attachment problems experienced by
children in care are those that arise as a
result of neglect or abuse.
Children with this condition have not formed secure
attachments to their primary caregivers, and as a
result, they do not develop well socially.
«Anxious - resistant insecure
attachment» is when a
child is extremely upset when the caregiver leaves, but acts resistant or angry when the caregiver returns and shows attention; this is thought to be the
result of a caregiver who is only attentive at times when it is convenient for him or her.
The above blather about
attachment theory is to pave the way in advance for an excuse when infants and
children placed into joint custody arrangements as a
result of the «advice» in this article start doing badly.
While fathers «could» become primary parents, and theoretically resident fathers also «could» form equal
attachments, the reality is that in families with such problems that they have
resulted in custody cases involving infants and very small
children, it's extremely unlikely that these fathers have done so.
Trained in multigenerational trauma and
attachment theory including interventions for
children and their parents who have experienced at least one form of trauma and issues which can
result.
Children in foster care, as a
result of exposure to risk factors such as poverty, maltreatment, and the foster care experience, face multiple threats to their healthy development, including poor physical health,
attachment disorders, compromised brain functioning, inadequate social skills, and mental health difficulties.
Children who have experienced chronic early maltreatment that
results in Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or reactive
attachment disorder can be effectively treated with Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy [2][3][4], which is an evidence - based family - based treatment approach.
It was as a
result of this body of criticism that Bowlby went on to diffuse the concept of «Maternal Deprivation» into the
attachment theory and it is now generally accepted that either or both parents may be the
child's «primary carer».
It has also been shown that while isolated individual risk factors may not have a significant effect on parent -
child attachment, the accumulation of adversity may
result in sub-optimal relationship development and insecurity of infant
attachment [12].
Evaluation
results demonstrated both enhanced quality of care and promotion of more - favorable parenting practices related to perceptions of
children's behavior at 30 to 33 months, discipline at 30 to 33 months, and health care seeking at 2 to 4 months and 30 to 33 months.4 — 7 In addition, HS reduced income disparities in the use of preventive services and enhanced parents» satisfaction with care at 30 to 33 months.8 Using observational data and a longitudinal sample, Caughy et al9 reported that participation in HS was associated with positive
child development outcomes, including greater
attachment and fewer
child behavior problems when
children were 34 to 37 months of age.
Seeing the non-custodial parent every other weekend is typically insufficient to promote parent -
child bonding and can
result in
attachment issues and a disrupted relationship.
Kinship foster parents have been documented to be more accepting of these other
attachment relationships and, as a
result, report better relationships than nonrelated foster parents with the
children in their care.76 Finally, an awareness and acceptance of one's racial or ethnic heritage is essential for developing a healthy sense of identity.