The items for the two measures, food fussiness and interest in food, originated from the single measure of food fussiness from
the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire.
One hundred and fifty - six mothers of 2 - to 4 - year - old children completed questionnaires including measures of maternal feeding practices (pressure to eat, restriction, monitoring and modelling of healthy eating),
child eating behaviour (food responsiveness, food fussiness and interest in food), and mother reported child height and weight.
There is some evidence to suggest that pressure to eat and restriction may have a negative impact on
child eating behaviour, which could affect child weight status over time.
We expected that these relationships would be significant after controlling for child age and gender, for maternal age, BMI and education, and for initial levels of the dependent variable (i.e., the particular
child eating behaviour or child BMI at time 1).
Further research is required to establish whether modelling of healthy eating has a sustained positive impact on
child eating behaviour, and subsequently weight.
Mean (s.d.) scores and bivariate correlations for time 1 and time 2 maternal feeding practices and
child eating behaviour (N = 156)
Regression analyses were used to find longitudinal associations between maternal feeding practices,
child eating behaviour and child body mass index (BMI).
A small number of studies have examined the longitudinal impact of parental feeding practices on
child eating behaviour and weight.
We were unable to find any other prospective studies addressing the impact of modelling of healthy eating on
child eating behaviour or BMI.
Furthermore, our study only explored the influence of feeding practices after one year, and it could be that it takes longer than that to see effects on
child eating behaviour.
Cross-sectional studies have found that both pressure to eat and restriction were associated with
child eating behaviour and child weight status.
Our 2 - to 4 - year - old sample enabled us to capture a key developmental period for
child eating behaviour.
This brief review of relationships between parental feeding practices,
child eating behaviour and child BMI has highlighted the need for more prospective research in this area.
With regards to
child eating behaviour, one study found that mothers who used pressure to eat more frequently when their daughters were aged 7 years, had daughters who were pickier eaters at age 9 years.
Measuring behavioural susceptibility to obesity: validation of
the child eating behaviour questionnaire
Correlation analyses were used to measure stability of maternal feeding practices and
child eating behaviours across the two time points.
The secondary aim was to establish whether maternal feeding practices or
child eating behaviours would predict child BMIz one year later, after controlling for initial BMIz.
Hierarchical multiple regressions were used to test whether maternal feeding practices could predict changes in
child eating behaviours over time.
If the T1 feeding practices were significant predictors of T2 eating behaviour after taking into account the effect of prior (T1) eating behaviour, this would indicate support for the hypothesis that maternal feeding practices predict the development of particular
child eating behaviours.
BMI z - score at T2 was not significantly predicted by T1 maternal feeding practices (R 2 Change =.01, p =.857), or by T1
child eating behaviours (R 2 Change =.01, p =.707) after controlling for maternal and child covariates, and T1 BMIz.
We hypothesised that the use of maternal feeding practices with 2 - to 4 - year - old children would prospectively predict
child eating behaviours and child BMI over 12 months.
Two analyses were conducted, with maternal feeding practices (pressure to eat, restriction, monitoring and healthy modelling) as the independent variables in one analysis, and
child eating behaviours (food responsiveness, food fussiness and interest in food) in the other.
Not exact matches
The Committee recommends that the Minister for Health and Ageing commission research into the effect of the advertising of food products with limited nutritional value on the
eating behaviour of
children and other vulnerable groups.
Compounds produced in the digestive system have been linked to autistic - type
behaviour in laboratory settings, potentially demonstrating that what autistic
children eat can alter their brain function, say scientists from the University of Western Ontario.
Eating with other
children also influences
children's
behaviour, in terms of what foods they like to
eat.
From the abstract: Maternal reports of food avoidance
eating behaviours were associated with an emotional
child temperament, high levels of maternal feeding control, using food for
behaviour regulation, and low encouragement of a balanced and varied food intake.
The HDHK programme gives dads the knowledge and skills for long - term
behaviour change, teaching them about the importance of engaging with their
children and using healthy
eating and physical activity as media to engage fathers with their
children.
If you're looking for more gentle ways to cope with your
child's
behaviour, whether that involves tantrums, picky
eating, throwing, hitting, biting, sibling rivalry or not... Continue reading →
Tell your
child's caregiver about any difficulties your
child is having at home, for example, if he isn't sleeping or
eating well, or is having any trouble with
behaviour.
As Suleiman, a motorbike rider, figuratively argued: «If you want your daughter to stop
eating cassava, you should have rice at home», reflecting the affinity between the expectations of state
behaviour towards its youth and that of a parent towards his or her
children.
Frans Folkvord tested the effects of such hidden online food advertisements on the
eating behaviour of more than 1000
children.
In a review study published last week (8 December), Frans Folkvord and other authors, including his supervisor Professor Moniek Buijzen, list and evaluate the literature on marketing to
children and
eating behaviour.
Good news for marketers, bad news for anyone concerned about the increase of unhealthy
eating behaviour amongst
children: shortly after playing a game with an embedded food advertisement,
children ate 55 % more of the candy offered to them than
children who had played a game with an embedded toy advertisement.
As the cycle continues,
children fail to learn healthy
eating behaviour.
«Our results support previous arguments for interventions aimed at improving the
eating behaviours of preschool - aged
children,» write the authors.
«
Eating behaviours as reported by parents via the NutriSTEP questionnaire were positively associated with serum non-HDL cholesterol levels in
children aged 3 - 5 years,» write the authors.
Parents who directly and actively engage their
children in healthy living
behaviour — instead of passively «supporting» the
behaviour — are significantly more likely to see their kids meet Canadian guidelines when it comes to physical activity, healthy
eating and screen time, new research from Public Health Ontario (PHO) has found.
The research shows that the modelling effect is stronger in older
children than in younger
children, which also suggests that relying on external rather than internal cues for how much to
eat is a learnt
behaviour.
And what
children learn about food and
eating at school, they transmit home:
children can influence their parents»
behaviour and environment, reinforcing those healthier messages in their life away from school.
Alongside the study, further experiments in school canteens tracked the
eating behaviours of
children in primary and secondary schools and found that even small improvements to dining spaces can make young people
eat more school food.
Children's Minister Sarah Teather recently said: «Healthy
eating has a direct impact on
behaviour, concentration and ability to learn in schools.
Primary and junior school years are an excellent window of opportunity to help build resiliency in young
children, so they can better resist negative media messaging, and social pressure to engage in unhealthy
eating and weight - related
behaviour.
Considering that parents tend not to be able to accurately recognise when their
child is overweight [39], it could be that a combination of the
child's actual weight and the
child's food responsive
eating style elicits concern in the parent, who then uses restrictive feeding practices in an attempt to modify the
child's
eating behaviour and subsequently weight.
While there is evidence to suggest that
eating behaviours developed in childhood carry on into early adulthood [45], perhaps the weight and health consequences of these
behaviours don't become evident until later in childhood, as parental capacity as gatekeeper over the
child's diet is reduced.
The aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which maternal feeding practices prospectively predict the development of
eating behaviour and BMI in pre-school-aged
children.
Monitoring, on the other hand, has not been associated with
child BMI [8, 10] or
eating behaviours [11] in cross-sectional studies.
Maternal feeding practices appear to influence young
children's
eating behaviour but not weight status in the short term.
The finding that pressure to
eat did not predict decreased
child food fussiness 12 - month period was contrary to both the original hypothesis, and the results of a prior longitudinal study, which found that girls whose mothers used higher levels of pressure to
eat when they were 7 years old, showed more fussy
eating behaviour at 9 years old [15].
Parents may benefit from public health interventions that promote adult healthy
eating habits as a means for developing and maintaining healthy
eating behaviour in their
children.
Food fussiness measures
children's picky
eating behaviour (e.g. «My
child is difficult to please with meals») and acceptance of new foods (e.g. «My
child enjoys tasting new foods»).