Sentences with phrase «child effects models»

Consistent with child effects models, adolescent emotional insecurity predicted fathers» destructive conflict behaviors.

Not exact matches

The lower levels of baseline sugar sweetened drink consumption in the UK compared with the US may in part explain why the effect on obesity that we estimate in the UK is much less than that estimated in the US.12 The differences with respect to other modelling studies may also be partly explained by their use of higher own price elasticity values for sugar sweetened drinks than we have calculated and used here.18 22 52 We can not make direct comparisons between the results of our study and the results of recent studies of the effect of reducing sugar sweetened drink consumption on body weight in children, 5 7 as the relation between energy balance and change in body mass index in children who are growing is different from that in adults.

They can model both healthy and unhealthy behaviors of their parents so the parents should be careful about their attitude about certain activities, alcohol, tobacco, drugs and other substances as this can have a significant effect on the future behavior of their children.

The child might not immediately register this, but consistent modeling of good behavior and stable thinking patterns will have an uplifting effect on the child's emotional well - being.

A full description of PROBIT's design and methods has been published elsewhere.17 In brief, 31 maternity hospitals and their affiliated polyclinics (where children are followed for routine health care) were randomized either to receive a breastfeeding promotion intervention modelled on the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding of the WHO / UNICEF Baby - Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) or to continue the maternity hospital and polyclinic practices in effect at the time of randomization.

Modeling the effects of different infant feeding strategies on young child survival and mother - to - child transmission of HIV.

Studies of the Nurse Family Partnership model followed children to 6 years and found significant program effects on language and cognitive functioning as well as fewer behaviour problems in a randomized controlled trial study.24 In addition, more recent evaluations of Healthy Families America have shown small, but favourable effects on young children's development.25, 26

In many instances, the quality of the research is not sufficient to draw conclusions about the effects of a given model on child maltreatment.8

Six models showed favourable effects on primary outcome measures (e.g., standardized measures of child development outcomes and reduction in behaviour problems).13 Only studies with outcomes using direct observation, direct assessment, or administrative records were included.

The interactive effect of infant temperament and parent behaviour on child development has been explained by the «differential susceptibility model, «39,40 which proposes that highly reactive infants are more sensitive than their peers to both negative and positive environmental influences.

A variety of studies suggest that fathers» engagement positively impacts their children's social competence, 27 children's later IQ28 and other learning outcomes.29 The effects of fathers on children can include later - life educational, social and family outcomes.1, 2,26 Children may develop working models of appropriate paternal behaviour based on early childhood cues such as father presence, 30,31 in turn shaping their own later partnering and parenting dynamics, such as more risky adolescent sexual behaviour32 and earlier marriage.33 Paternal engagement decreases boys» negative social behaviour (e.g., delinquency) and girls» psychological problems in early adulthood.34 Fathers» financial support, apart from engagement, can also influence children's cognitive develochildren's social competence, 27 children's later IQ28 and other learning outcomes.29 The effects of fathers on children can include later - life educational, social and family outcomes.1, 2,26 Children may develop working models of appropriate paternal behaviour based on early childhood cues such as father presence, 30,31 in turn shaping their own later partnering and parenting dynamics, such as more risky adolescent sexual behaviour32 and earlier marriage.33 Paternal engagement decreases boys» negative social behaviour (e.g., delinquency) and girls» psychological problems in early adulthood.34 Fathers» financial support, apart from engagement, can also influence children's cognitive develochildren's later IQ28 and other learning outcomes.29 The effects of fathers on children can include later - life educational, social and family outcomes.1, 2,26 Children may develop working models of appropriate paternal behaviour based on early childhood cues such as father presence, 30,31 in turn shaping their own later partnering and parenting dynamics, such as more risky adolescent sexual behaviour32 and earlier marriage.33 Paternal engagement decreases boys» negative social behaviour (e.g., delinquency) and girls» psychological problems in early adulthood.34 Fathers» financial support, apart from engagement, can also influence children's cognitive develochildren can include later - life educational, social and family outcomes.1, 2,26 Children may develop working models of appropriate paternal behaviour based on early childhood cues such as father presence, 30,31 in turn shaping their own later partnering and parenting dynamics, such as more risky adolescent sexual behaviour32 and earlier marriage.33 Paternal engagement decreases boys» negative social behaviour (e.g., delinquency) and girls» psychological problems in early adulthood.34 Fathers» financial support, apart from engagement, can also influence children's cognitive develoChildren may develop working models of appropriate paternal behaviour based on early childhood cues such as father presence, 30,31 in turn shaping their own later partnering and parenting dynamics, such as more risky adolescent sexual behaviour32 and earlier marriage.33 Paternal engagement decreases boys» negative social behaviour (e.g., delinquency) and girls» psychological problems in early adulthood.34 Fathers» financial support, apart from engagement, can also influence children's cognitive develochildren's cognitive development.35

Ofcom is introducing the model gradually — it's been in effect since July 1 — slowly decreasing the number of commercials advertising unhealthy foods to children under 10.

The study finds that across Europe children do not receive an equal level of protection from the adverse effects of online marketing, given that marketing to children is regulated in a slightly different manner between countries and because parents apply different models of oversight of their children's online activities.

The research shows that the modelling effect is stronger in older children than in younger children, which also suggests that relying on external rather than internal cues for how much to eat is a learnt behaviour.

The NSPCC is reviewing the Letting the Future In model based on the evaluation findings, particularly around providing additional support for both older and younger children to sustain the intervention's effect.

Trauma Smart is an early - childhood trauma intervention model that addresses the effects of complex trauma — such as community and family violence, poverty, illness, and homelessness — for preschool - age children, their families, and the Head Start teachers who care for them.

Specifically, he will work with the PI and core project staff to develop an analysis plan, direct the evaluation of the efficacy of the Core Knowledge Language Arts Listening and Learning Read Aloud Program, articulate the fully specified multi-level models used to estimate treatment impacts on child - level vocabulary, listening comprehension and domain knowledge outcomes, and guide the secondary analyses that examine whether the quality of read alouds mediate treatment effects on child outcomes and the baseline, child - level moderators of treatment effects.

Meyers: Our goals include providing a media venue where people from all walks of life can have their voices heard in a safe, commercial - free, child - friendly environment; promoting positive role models; empowering young people to realize their own potential to effect positive change in the world; bridging the digital divide and continuing to enrich this digital media archive with inspiring stories from around the globe; enlisting support from foundations, grants, and government agencies, corporations, and individuals so that this global learning project can continue to grow and provide a freely - accessible, online multi-media resource to educators and students around the world for decades to come.

To measure the effect on children's test scores of switching to a private school, we estimate a statistical model that takes into account whether a child attended a public or a private school, as well as baseline reading and math test scores.

These latest findings of the longitudinal «Ypsilanti study» — one of the first efforts to analyze the effects of preschool education on children and a model for the Head Start programs established under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 — were made known at last month's annual policy conference of the High Scope Educational...

While rural and urban schools share certain challenges, including the devastating effects of poverty on school children, there are myriad other problems specific to rural schools, which is why applying an urban model and urban solutions to rural schools simply doesn't work.

There were a range of social effects as well: children were seen to be negotiating items with other children, which is quite a higher order thinking skill; they were modelling behaviour on others, so they could actually see how children were playing with some of the equipment and then being able to join in (so it was a lot more inclusive, they were able to see how some of the children used some of the equipment); and they were really working together, using teamwork skills and creating these different objects and structures and stations to play around in the school playground.

And this particular type of talk with children in the toddler / preschool age range was more predictive of child language outcomes than the quantity of talk or other types of talk, and it wiped out the effect of quantity in the statistical models.

There are several other scaled - up preschool programs that have been evaluated with well - implemented RCTs and found to have no immediate effects, including Even Start, the Comprehensive Child Development Program, and over a dozen curriculum improvement efforts pitting model curricula against run - of - the - mill programs (see PCER and CLIO).

It appears to take intensive efforts over a period of several years to produce lasting effects, but the fact that even the least intensive models of early intervention produce strong immediate effects suggests that a combination of approaches within a comprehensive preventive program will have great promise in increasing children's cognitive functioning and reducing future dropout.

Let there be no question, then: educators, parents, and other adults are desperately needed to offer guidance, to act as models (we hope), to pose challenges that promote moral growth, and to help children understand the effects of their actions on other people, thereby tapping and nurturing a concern for others that is present in children from a very young age.

Even «alternative» educators need to consider whether their approach is overly «child - centered» in a troubled world, because, they assert, being neutral or indifferent to the moral condition of the world into which we are educating children ultimately amounts to an endorsement of the transmission model; it is to say, in effect, that learning is an objective process and that the purpose of education is to transmit «knowledge» into young minds, even if the form of transmission doesn't look as harsh or artificial as it does in conventional schooling.

The Building Strong Families evaluation assessed the effects of eight programs offering a similar model of healthy relationship skills and support services to interested low - income unmarried parents around the time of the birth of a child.

Empirical evidence supports both the main effect and buffering models of social support in predicting the adjustment of children and adults, with or without chronic disease.

In this study, we were interested in testing stress and social support main effect and interaction models in the prediction of adjustment in children with PRDs.

Instead, the results support a main effect model of support; that is, support is beneficial irrespective of the level of stress reported by children with PRDs.

The Impact of the Solution Based Casework (SBC) Practice Model on Federal Outcomes in Public Child Welfare (PDF - 310 KB) Antle, Christensen, van Zyl, & Barbee (2012) University of Louisville, Kent School of Social Work Presents findings from a study that showed positive effects of the Solution - Based Casework (SBC) practice model on Federal outcomes of safety, permanency, and well - bModel on Federal Outcomes in Public Child Welfare (PDF - 310 KB) Antle, Christensen, van Zyl, & Barbee (2012) University of Louisville, Kent School of Social Work Presents findings from a study that showed positive effects of the Solution - Based Casework (SBC) practice model on Federal outcomes of safety, permanency, and well - bmodel on Federal outcomes of safety, permanency, and well - being.

Subgroup analyses: We will examine whether there is evidence that the intervention effect is modified for subgroups within the trial participants using tests of interaction between intervention and child and family factors as follows: parity (first - born vs other), antenatal risks (2 vs 3 or more risk factors at screening), maternal mental health at baseline (high vs low score) 18, 62, 63 and self - efficacy at baseline (poor vs normal mastery) 35 using the regression models described above with additional terms for interaction between subgroup and trial arm.

This interpretation is strengthened by the observation that the associations among television and children's consumption of fruits, vegetables, and juices; all meats; and pizza, salty snacks, and soda remained statistically significant in the full regression models, where the effects of socioeconomic and other confounding factors were controlled.

In all analyses, we fitted multilevel models with a random effects term for course and for outcomes corresponding to individual child data and a random effects term for family.

In the same model predicting the child being overweight at age 36 mo, there was also no significant main effect of percentage of assertive prompts (OR: 1.62; 95 % CI: 0.48, 5.50) or intrusiveness (OR: 0.74; 95 % CI: 0.48, 1.14).

Home visiting has been promoted by the American Academy of Pediatrics as an important complement to office - based practice.1 It has been advocated as a way to improve the outcomes of pregnancy, 2 to reduce the rates of child abuse and neglect, 3 and to help low - income families become economically self - sufficient.4 The background of visitors, however, seems to affect program success.5 — 8 When examined in randomized trials, paraprofessional home visitors (those with no formal training in the helping professions) have produced small effects that rarely are statistically significant.5 — 8 Is the absence of their effect attributable to lack of professional training or underdevelopment of the program models they delivered?

Random effects models were constructed to examine the influence of brain development (both absolute brain volumes and growth rates) on children's maladaptive behavioral and emotional problems as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).

Indeed, Jay Belsky incorporated all of these risk factors into his process model of parenting, 11 and data from multiple studies support links to child well - being.12 In an experiment on the effectiveness of a program for low - birth - weight infants, Lawrence Berger and Jeanne Brooks - Gunn examined the relative effect of both socioeconomic status and parenting on child abuse and neglect (as measured by ratings of health providers who saw children in the treatment and control groups six times over the first three years of life, not by review of administrative data) and found that both factors contributed significantly and uniquely to the likelihood that a family was perceived to engage in some form of child maltreatment.13 The link between parenting behaviors and child maltreatment suggests that interventions that promote positive parenting behaviors would also contribute to lower rates of child maltreatment among families served.

This suggests that the way relationships are modeled — or the way parents respond to relationships themselves — can have lasting negative effects on children's future relationships.

In many instances, the quality of the research is not sufficient to draw conclusions about the effects of a given model on child maltreatment.8

This is not a «positive effect of fatherhood,» and is meaningless in that regard without adding first the unwarranted assumption that there is something important about the father being the child's role model, rather than his mother, a beloved uncle, or someone else.

Though the positive effects of home visiting programs are generally small, these programs have been heralded by many as a key model of early intervention capable of producing long lasting effects for children and families and ending the cycle of poverty and are receiving unprecedented support as an evidence - based initiative.

Understanding the impact of divorce on children's future relationships may encourage parents to provide open more communication and positive role modeling in attempts to lessen these effects.

The effects of political violence on Palestinian children's behavior problems: A risk accumulation model.

We implemented unadjusted and adjusted analyses (potential prognostic factors listed in table 2) of the outcomes (all quantitative) by using random effects linear regression models fitted by maximum likelihood estimation to allow for the correlation between the responses of participants from the same maternal and child health centre.29 We present means and standard deviations for each trial arm, along with the mean difference between arms, 95 % confidence intervals, and P values.

Where program effects were moderated by the child's sex in a coherent way, we have noted this in the presentation of the findings, in which case the model includes SES as a covariate rather than a classification factor and includes all interactions among treatment, marital status, and sex.

We estimated models by using dependent variables previously associated with significant treatment effects in the follow - up study.10, 20 These included life - course outcomes for the mother, such as number of subsequent children, months on welfare, impairments due to substance use, and number of arrests, as well as life - course outcomes for the study children, such as number of runaway episodes and number of arrests or convictions.

Most of these models were shown to have favorable effects on child development.

Toward a developmental - contextual model of the effects of parental spanking on children's aggression.