Likewise, pressure to eat has been positively associated to Food avoidance as well as with lower child weight status [33, 38].
However, it is important to be aware that these correlations could also be explained by third factor common to both variables, such as maternal concern
about child weight status.
Some recent studies have found an association between maternal use of restriction and concern about weight, but not between restriction and
actual child weight status [18, 39].
There is some evidence to suggest that pressure to eat and restriction may have a negative impact on child eating behaviour, which could
affect child weight status over time.
However,
only child weight status (BMI SDS) had a moderate to strong significant association with child eating behavior and parental Concern.
Specifically, parental pressure to eat was strongly associated with child food avoidance and parental restrictive behavior towards children with big appetites was especially pronounced when parents were concerned
about child weight status.
The data associating maternal feeding behaviors
with child weight status (2), however, have been inconsistent, particularly for feeding behaviors related to prompting or pressuring the child to eat, which have been positively (3, 4), negatively (5 — 15), and not (11, 16 — 21) associated with markers of child adiposity.
A number of studies, predominantly of a cross sectional design, have found positive associations between parental restriction, food approach, and child weight status [9, 35, 38, 39].
It is essential to explore modifiable factors that may contribute to
child weight status to inform the development of effective public health interventions.
The effectiveness of these strategies as a means to modify child eating behaviour or
child weight status is unclear.
Cross-sectional studies have found that both pressure to eat and restriction were associated with child eating behaviour and
child weight status.
Some mothers responses may have been influenced by their perceptions of the «right» behaviour with regards to feeding their children, and social desirability with regards to maternal and
child weight status.
The results of this study support our hypothesis that food assistance programs moderate the relationship between food security status and
child weight status.
A second goal of this study was to identify associations between household food security status, food assistance program participation, and
child weight status.
We suggest, therefore, that obesity prevention and intervention programs targeting parents of preschoolers should take into account parental concern about
child weight status and managing children's eating behaviors, and promote positive, child - responsive approaches to feeding.