Sentences with phrase «chimp genomes»

Once the human and chimp genomes were deciphered about a decade ago, they realized they could now begin to pinpoint the molecular underpinnings of our big brain, bipedalism, varied diet, and other traits that have made our species so successful.

But when they compared the chimp genomes to those of bonobos, they found clear signs of bonobo genes.

If such discrepancies occur throughout the rest of the human and chimp genomes, there will probably be thousands of proteins that differentiate the two species.

We now know that the human genome and the chimp genome differ by only about 1 percent.

And the changes are handed down: While most of the chimp genome's 24 pairs of chromosomes undergo a genetic reshuffling during the production of sperm and eggs, with genes swapped between the two copies, there is only one Y chromosome and thus no mixing — the Y is transmitted intact.

The chimp genome sequence, which consists of 2.8 billion pairs of DNA letters, will not only tell us much about chimps but a comparison with the human genome will also teach us a great deal about ourselves.

Indeed, a close look at the chimp genome reveals an important lesson in how genes and evolution work, and it suggests that chimps and humans are a lot more similar than even a neurobiologist might think.

Bejerano and Kingsley compared the chimp genome with the human genome, looking for DNA regions that chimps had but humans did not.

Ever since researchers sequenced the chimp genome in 2005, they have known that humans share about 99 % of our DNA with chimpanzees, making them our closest living relatives.

The international sequencing effort led from Max Planck chose a bonobo named Ulindi from the Leipzig Zoo as its subject, partly because she was a female (the chimp genome was of a male).

Since a rough draft of the chimp genome became available in 2005, much research has focused on human gene sequences that are missing in apes.

The chimp genome was published in 2005,2 when I was a postdoc at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and those of 12 other vertebrates followed shortly thereafter.

To facilitate biomedical studies comparing regions of the chimp genome with similar regions of the human genome, the researchers also have aligned the draft version of the chimp sequence with the human sequence.

For more on the scientific rationale for sequencing the chimp genome, go to: Sequencing the Chimpanzee Genome.

«Even though the chimp genome has been sequenced, it's amazing how little we know about their evolution and the level of variation within chimpanzees,» said Przeworski.

Researchers deposited the initial assembly, which is based on four-fold sequence coverage of the chimp genome, into the NIH - run, public database, GenBank [ncbi.nih.gov].

Not exact matches

A human - chimp comparison revealed some 35 million mutations in the single units of the overall sequence and also found about 5 million additions to or subtractions from the genome involving chunks of DNA sequence.

The conclusion comes from analysis of the genetic instruction books, or genomes, of 63 wild - born chimps, two captive chimps named Clint and Donald, and 10 wild - born bonobos.

The human (and all the other) genome projects were predicated on the reasonable assumption that spelling out the full sequence of genes would reveal the source of that diversity of form and attributes that so readily distinguish worm from fly, mouse, chimp and human.

By comparing our genetic make - up to the genomes of mice, chimps and a menagerie of other species (rats, chickens, dogs, pufferfish, the microscopic worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and many bacteria), scientists have learned a great deal about how genes evolve over time, and gained insights into human diseases.

Yeah, what's actually sort of gratifying when you look at some of the differences that seemed to be showing up is that that a lot of these most significant tiny differences in the genomes between the humans and the chimps aren't exactly where you would think they would be in terms of their effects.

When they measured the concentrations in the same area in chimp brains, the team found that the differences between chimps and normal humans were much greater for those nine than for the 12 metabolites not implicated in schizophrenia, suggesting that energy pathways implicated in schizophrenia were also altered by human evolution, the team reports this week in Genome Biology.

Additional support could come from the chimpanzee genome, which may allow researchers to clock when the genes for slow - twitch muscle fibers — crucial for running long distances and plentiful in people but not chimps — diverged in the common evolutionary history of humans and apes.

As scientists race to decode genomes — not just of humans but of bacteria, yeast, chimps, dogs, whales and plants — the number of DNA sequences available for analysis has grown 40,000-fold in the past 20 years, providing unprecedented insight into billions of years of species evolution.

She and her colleagues uncovered this liaison when they examined the complete genomes of 75 chimps and bonobos from 10 African countries.

So most of the differences between chimp and human genomes will turn out to be neither beneficial nor detrimental, in evolutionary terms.

One such set came by comparing 13,454 specific genes in the chimp and human genomes, looking for signs of rapid evolution.

All together, the researchers found about 37,000 mutations occurring in 10,000 clusters in the chimp and human genomes that they think were caused by these proteins, they report today in Genome Research.

Surprisingly, parts of our genome are more similar to the gorilla's than they are to the chimp's, and a few of the same genes previously thought key to our unique evolution are key to theirs, too.

In keeping with previous studies comparing much smaller portions of the chimp and human genomes, the new comparison shows incredible similarity between the genomes.

Although chimps and humans are indeed closest kin, 15 % of the human genome more closely matches the gorilla's.

The genome of the chimp — our closest relative — was published in 2005; the orangutan sequence came out in early 2011.

Moreover, with all the great ape genomes to compare, researchers are better able to assess when gorillas, chimps, and humans evolved — a matter of current debate.

The genomes of chimps and humans reveal a history of other kinds of differences as well.

When the chimp and human genomes are compared, some of the clearest cases of nucleotide differences are found in genes coding for transcription factors.

Given the outward differences, it seems reasonable to expect to find fundamental differences in the portions of the genome that determine chimp and human brains — reasonable, at least, to a brainocentric neurobiologist like me.

As researchers study the genome in more depth, they hope to find the genetic differences that make bonobos more playful than chimps, for example, or humans more cerebral.

And it's precisely some of those genes, the ones involved in neural development, that appear on the list of differences between the chimp and human genomes.

The genome of this bonobo, Ulindi, shows how closely humans, chimps, and bonobos are related.

When the Max Planck scientists compared the bonobo genome directly with that of chimps and humans, however, they found that a small bit of our DNA, about 1.6 %, is shared with only the bonobo, but not chimpanzees.

An international team of researchers has sequenced the genome of the bonobo for the first time, confirming that it shares the same percentage of its DNA with us as chimps do.

The sequencing of the human genome (ScienceNOW, 14 April 2003:) gave scientists major new insights into what makes us human: Although we share more than 98 % of our genetic code with the chimpanzee, natural selection has turned us into a very different animal than the chimps, from whom our hominid ancestors split evolutionarily some 6 million years ago (ScienceNOW, 31 August).

Positive selection in the human genome inferred from human — chimp — mouse orthologous gene alignments Clark, A. G., S. Glanowski, R. Nielsen, P. Thomas et al. 2003.

«We expected to see changes all over the genome, but it is not a chimp - adapted virus.»

Positive selection in the human genome inferred from human — chimp — mouse orthologous gene alignments.

The locus sits close to an area of the genome where humans and chimps are known to share specific combinations of genes.

The chimpanzee genome differs from the bonobo genome by about 0.3 percent, which is one - fourth the distance between humans and chimps.