Chimpanzees threatened by an Ebola outbreak could be protected by a new vaccine, but cuts in
chimp research may stymie its development
Biomedical research on chimpanzees has been waning since 2013, when the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced that it would phase out most government - funded
chimp research and retire the majority of its research chimps to sanctuaries.
The IOM recommended that
chimp research satisfy three principles: the knowledge gained would be necessary to advance the public's health; there was no other research model available to obtain that information; and that the animals would be kept in their natural habitat or in environments that closely mimic it.
Lacreuse worries that because «there are so many limitations on
chimp research... it will only become more and more difficult to do these kinds of studies.»
Ebola vaccine for chimps works but may never be used Chimpanzees threatened by an Ebola outbreak could be protected by a new vaccine, but cuts in
chimp research may stymie its development
In the wake of a 2011 federal report concluding that
chimp research is scientifically unnecessary, an animal rights group wants the NIH director to to ensure that chimps still in agency labs are retired
Not exact matches
A new decision from the nation's medical
research agency will send most of its
chimps into retirement
We follow Alda as he meets with archaeologists unearthing stonework from caves in the Dordogne region in southern France and as he participates in behavioral studies on both
chimps and children with primatologists at the Yerkes National Primate
Research Center of Emory University in Atlanta.
In the study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, primatologist Frans de Waal and his colleagues at the Yerkes National Primate
Research Center at Emory University presented
chimps with a simplified version of the choice that Darwin faced.
The team played videos of
chimps either yawning or exhibiting other open - mouth behaviours such as grinning to six adult
chimps and three infants at the Primate
Research Institute of Kyoto University in Japan.
To develop and enforce tighter regulations, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which enforces the Animal Welfare Act, should establish an ethics committee specifically for biomedical
research on
chimps.
Recent
research demonstrates that the bonds of kinship will not keep a
chimp from piling up stones and hurling them at zoo visitors if they get too close.
In April a bipartisan group of senators introduced a bill, the Great Ape Protection and Cost Savings Act, to prohibit invasive
research on great apes, including
chimps.
Then, in June of last year, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service stated that all U.S. chimpanzees — including the more than 700
chimps used in
research — would be classified as endangered under the Endangered Species Act.
The judicial action could force the university, which is believed to be holding the
chimps, to release the primates, and could sway additional judges to do the same with other
research animals.
Still, says Wise — whose organization is currently considering launching personhood lawsuits for
chimps, elephants, and orcas in other states — «I'm very happy to see them leaving a
research facility.
Hercules and Leo were born in 2006 at the New Iberia
Research Center in Louisiana, home to the world's largest collection of privately owned lab
chimps.
In 2013, NIH announced it would phase out most agency - funded chimpanzee
research and retire most of its 360
research chimps.
But it will be easier, he says, «without having to go through the complicated calculus of which
chimps ought to be in the group of 50 to be saved for
research.»
► «New York Supreme Court Justice Barbara Jaffe ruled that two
research chimps at Stony Brook University are not covered by a writ of habeas corpus, which typically allows human prisoners to challenge their detention,» David Grimm wrote on Thursday at ScienceInsider.
If adopted, the new rule would restrict import, export and harm of the animals, and clamp down on
research that uses
chimps and even their blood or tissue.
Collins has asked Anderson's office to prepare a retirement plan for the 20 or so
chimps NIH still owns at the Southwest National Primate
Research Center in San Antonio, Texas, and 140 at MD Anderson Cancer Center's primate facility in Bastrop, Texas.
The Humane Society also has evidence, provided to ScienceInsider, that the U.S. National Institutes of Health violated its own moratorium on breeding chimpanzees for biomedical
research, awarding New Iberia a contract to provide infant
chimps to government investigators.
William Hopkins and colleagues at the Yerkes Regional Primate
Research Center in Atlanta determined handedness by watching
chimps scoop peanut butter out of a tube.
However, the IOM panel was unable to reach a consensus on whether hepatitis C
research in
chimps should be allowed to go on.
The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) is expected to make a decision imminently on how many of its 360
research chimps should be retired on the grounds that most studies can be done in other animals.
If the courts were to conclude that
chimps are entitled to the rights afforded human beings, some animal
research could be affected.
NhRP also has more chimpanzees in its sights, though Prosin won't say if they are
research chimps.
Both of these apes may have something to tell us about the evolution of human behavior, yet most
research has focused on
chimps, in large part because bonobos are endangered — perhaps as few as 10,000 remain.
All together, the researchers found about 37,000 mutations occurring in 10,000 clusters in the
chimp and human genomes that they think were caused by these proteins, they report today in Genome
Research.
But thanks to a newly founded center that collects brains from
chimps that die at zoos or
research centers, the team was able to examine the brains of 20
chimps aged 37 to 62 — the oldest recorded age for a
chimp, roughly equivalent to a human at the age of 120.
In a second example of chimpanzee grieving, a
research group led by Dora Biro, a zoologist at the University of Oxford in the U.K., observed two
chimp mothers carrying the remains of their dead infants for weeks.
A multitude of factors help makes the human brain superior to the
chimps», but new
research indicates that looser genetic control of brain development in humans allows us to learn and adapt to our environment with more flexibility than our primate cousins.
In Pansy's case, zookeepers decided to allow the other
chimps to stay with her as she died, while a
research team, led by psychologist James Anderson of the nearby University of Stirling, observed their reactions.
► «Louisiana's New Iberia
Research Center (NIRC) announced [Tuesday] that it will move all 220 of its
chimps to [Project Chimps] in Blue Ridge, Georgia,» David Grimm reported Wednesday afte
chimps to [Project
Chimps] in Blue Ridge, Georgia,» David Grimm reported Wednesday afte
Chimps] in Blue Ridge, Georgia,» David Grimm reported Wednesday afternoon.
More
research is needed to prove that
chimps really use drumming to help find one another in the forest, cautions Adam Clark Arcadi, an anthropologist at Cornell University who was not involved in the current work but also studies buttress drumming.
Horses share some surprisingly similar facial expressions to humans and
chimps, according to new University of Sussex
research.
The Texas Biomedical
Research Institute, which owns 91 chimps that are supported by NIH funds, said it was «disappointed» by today's announcement and felt that this move would slow r
Research Institute, which owns 91
chimps that are supported by NIH funds, said it was «disappointed» by today's announcement and felt that this move would slow
researchresearch.
The NIH has not funded new
research involving
chimps since December 2011, when the Institute of Medicine, a nonprofit that advises the government on health policy, issued a report establishing strict criteria for the use of
chimps in biomedical and behavioral
research.
The remaining 50
chimps will not be bred in captivity, so over time the number of
chimps available for
research will dwindle.
The decision follows recommendations from an NIH advisory panel that said in January that the agency should curb
research on
chimps and instead «emphasize the development and refinement of other approaches, especially alternative animal models,» and move all but approximately 50 of the
chimps to sanctuaries.
If the FWS rule is enacted as proposed, that would mean permits would be required to do
research on the
chimps, and they would only be awarded in instances where
research benefits the animals directly.
The number suggests that all biomedical
research on
chimps has stopped — or is about to stop — and it's unclear whether the work will ever start up again.
The most recent blow came in June, when FWS stated that all U.S. chimpanzees — including the more than 700
chimps used in
research — would be classified as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
«In a memo leaked this week, [NIH Director Collins] says that a colony of 50
chimps it had planned to keep in reserve for
research — after retiring the rest — is no longer needed.»
However, this latest
research focused on a group with a more defined social hierarchy, so it was the rank of the nearby
chimps that was of more concern to those grooming, rather than the number of others nearby.
This echoes prior
research by Dr Newton - Fisher which found that if a larger number of other chimpanzees are nearby then, regardless of rank, the grooming
chimp would usually stop grooming sooner than if there were no other
chimps nearby, or a small number.
After reviewing 22 NIH - funded
research studies using
chimps, the working group found that half should be shut down.
NIH should retire most of the nearly 700
chimps it supports, end many
research projects, and make sure that
chimps still being studied are kept in proper living conditions, the panel's report says.
Today's 84 - page report is a response to a December 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report that found that most
research on
chimps was unnecessary.