SOX9 and its co-factors SOX5 and SOX6 form a trio that is required for
chondrocyte differentiation and thereby for cartilage formation and maintenance.
By contrast, the R206H ACVR1 mutant only slightly enhances the expression of initial and early chondrogenesis markers (collagen type II and aggrecan), consistent with a milder stimulatory effect of the FOP ACVR1 mutation on
chondrocyte differentiation.
Not exact matches
The results showed that, when applied, a long - term inhibition of Rho - kinase signaling increased the expressions of
chondrocyte - specific genes and
differentiation markers in human chondrosarcoma 2/8 cells.
Furthermore, organ cultured cartilage from ACH mice treated with statin resulted in increased expression of the aforementioned three genes and also in Runx2 and Col10a1, which indicated that statin stimulated both the
differentiation and maturation of ACH mouse
chondrocytes.
Special focus is placed on Rho - kinase inhibition, relating to its potential to promote and support extracellular matrix production in cultured
chondrocytes and its role in fibroblast cells as a part of direct chemical cellular
differentiation.
A short - term inhibition of Rho - kinase failed to induce extracellular matrix production in fibroblasts or in HCS - 2 / 8 cells, while its long - term exposure increased the expressions of
chondrocyte - specific genes and
differentiation markers, and also promoted the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by chondrocytic cells.
Based on previous protocols [5, 6] they have now created a 3D protocol for chondrogenic lineage
differentiation via the generation of a putative chondrogenic progenitor cell population, and have found that using this protocol C - iPSCs can be readily differentiated into cartilage in a manner comparable to that of mature
chondrocytes [7].
The choice of the somatic cell for reprogramming, the reprogramming technology chosen, and the
differentiation techniques utilised, all work synergistically towards the production of mature iPSCs - derived
chondrocytes which are comparable to patient - derived
chondrocytes, in line with Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines for an «off - the - shelf» stem cell product.
Utilising both
chondrocytes as a starting material and non-integrating mRNA technology as a reprogramming strategy, the group aimed to remove the risk of epigenetic memory of somatic cell of origin, which can affect future
differentiation propensity, and reduces the risk of abnormalities being introduced during reprogramming.