While expression levels
of all marker genes remained almost unchanged in wild - type ACVR1 cultures compared with the empty viral vector, the expression profile induced by caACVR1 Q207D displayed evidence
of advanced
chondrogenic differentiation as shown by decreased levels
of the early
differentiation stage marker collagen type II together with enhanced expression
of the later - stage markers Ihh and collagen type X. Indian hedgehog has been shown previously to be induced by BMP signaling transmitted via the ACVR1 receptor (9).
Based on previous protocols [5, 6] they have now created a 3D protocol for
chondrogenic lineage
differentiation via the generation
of a putative
chondrogenic progenitor cell population, and have found that using this protocol C - iPSCs can be readily differentiated into cartilage in a manner comparable to that
of mature chondrocytes [7].