Sentences with phrase «chromosomes during division»

Not exact matches

Aneuploidy occurs when parts of chromosomes beyond the normal 46 are missing or added to a person's genetic material during cell division.

«We found that the microtubules that orchestrate chromosome segregation during cell division behave abnormally in older eggs.

«Ladies, this is why fertility declines with age: Age - related female infertility explained by a defect in the choreography of chromosome sharing during cell division in eggs before they are fertilized.»

Henikoff told Malik about his work with proteins — histones — that attach to the central regions of chromosomes — centromeres — during cell division, maintaining adhesion between chromosomes most of the time, but also playing a role when the chromosomes are pulled apart to prepare them for duplication.

This group also clarified that Shugoshin controls DNA replication (the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division) in subtelomeres as well as higher - order structure of chromosomes.

This new insight into how chromosomes are disassembled and reassembled during cell division will allow researchers to begin answering basic questions about epigenetic inheritance, as well as human disease such as chromosome disorders and cancer.

Yeast studies had suggested that Mus81 was critical for a specific stage in cell division that's essential for chromosome recombination during reproduction.

Like others before him, Schrödinger was struck by the fact that chromosomes are accurately duplicated during ordinary cell division (mitosis, the way in which an organism grows) and during the creation of the sex cells (meiosis).

During cell division, chromosomes acquire a characteristic X-shape with the two DNA molecules (sister chromatids) linked at a central «connection region» that contains highly compacted DNA.

The enzyme lengthens the caps, or telomeres, on the ends of chromosomes, which wear off during each cell division.

Previously, our main clue that X and Y had a common ancestry was that they swap a few small sections during one kind of cell division, just as pairs of ordinary chromosomes swap much larger chunks.

The egg's very structure, its scaffolding of proteins that guide the chromosomes during cell division, may also play a key role in turning on the necessary genes.

In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged with histone proteins into complexes known as chromatin, which are further compacted into chromosomes during cell division.

Repairing the chromosome damage during cell division caused it to be defective.

First, they determined how repair proteins failed to recognize and act on chromosome breaks during cell division.

During meiosis, the genome of a diploid germ cell, which is composed of long segments of DNA packaged into chromosomes, undergoes DNA replication followed by two rounds of division, resulting in haploid cells called gametes.

Certain chromosomes, the researchers found, exploit this asymmetry to move themselves over to the «right» side of a cell during division and wind up in the egg.

Gabriela Cabral, a PhD student in the lab of Alex Dammermann at the Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Vienna, explains: «Many people thought that centrioles are held together by the same glue as chromosomes, a substance called cohesin, which is destroyed during cell division.

They all cover processes affecting chromosomes during cell division.

The shortening of telomeres is a process that occurs naturally in the body each time that a cell divides: during cell division the DNA, which is tightly packaged into chromosomes, must be duplicated but the DNA - copying machinery design itself, prevents the full replication of the ends of the chromosomes.

In animal cells (as well as yeast cells), the microtubules that act to separate chromosomes during cell division are usually organized around a central structure.

«While these macromolecules are important for the parent cell, they pose hindrances during cell division to segregating the copied chromosomes to daughter cells properly,» said Dr. Norihiko Nakazawa, of OIST's G0 Cell Unit, the paper's first author.

During the key step in sperm formation — a division that results in two cells, each with half the original number of chromosomes — the X and Y chromosomes peeled off from the chain one by one and headed into separate cells, all segregating faithfully with their own kind.

During the cell division cycle, the mother cell duplicates its chromosomes, generating two identical sets.

One reason egg quality declines is a loss of cohesion between chromosomes during the final divisions of eggs as they mature.

Failure has often struck at the stage of meiosis, a type of cell division during which paired chromosomes swap DNA and the number of chromosomes per cell is halved.

Aneuploidy originates during cell division, when the chromosomes do not separate properly or are not equally partitioned between the two daughter cells.

The findings suggest that the information on the X and Y chromosomes that makes this division possible is primed during gametogenesis — the process of creating ovum or sperm cells — in the parents.

Telomeres cap the ends of chromosomes and act as protection against the loss of protein - coding DNA during cell division.

The three characteristics scientists use to identify a chromosome are readily visible in an ideogram: length; the banding pattern of the dye, which reflects the type of nucleotides concentrated in the chromosome; and the location of the centromere, a waistlike constriction required for proper movement during cell division.

According to the researcher, «we were able to prove, by way of both in vivo and in vitro experiments, that an integrated signal in the microtubules can show the right pathway to chromosomes during cell division.»

And how do a cell's chromosomes manage to pair up and separate during division?

Detailed genetic analyses have now shown that the yeast cells individually multiply as many as six of their 16 total chromosomes during cell division, and can reverse this multiplication again.

In an article published in Science this Thursday, a team of Portuguese researchers led by Helder Maiato identifies a» Highway Code» within cells, a finding that changes the way we perceive how chromosomes move during cell division.

Partly based on his MIT Ph.D. thesis research performed in yeast, Sheltzer suspects aneuploidy causes errors in DNA replication, as well as problems with chromosome segregation during cell division.

The fragment forms a «micronucleus» with its own membrane and becomes prone to extensive rearrangements of its genetic material, which can then be reincorporated into chromosomes during the next cell division.

His research interests are the mechanisms and regulation of chromosome segregation during mitotic cell division, and the development of software tools for accessing, processing, sharing, and publishing large scientific image datasets.

The DNA vital to the life of a cell is packaged in chromosomes, and a variety of checkpoints, repair mechanisms, and other cellular safeguards exist to maintain the integrity of the chromosomes during cell growth and division.

The team used ChromEMT to image and measure chromatin in resting human cells and during cell division (mitosis) when DNA is compacted into its most dense form — the 23 pairs of mitotic chromosomes that are the iconic image of the human genome.

The special feature of this DNA element is its positioning in precisely those genes that play a role in the chromosome distribution during cell division and thus influences them.

Condensin is also crucial in the organisation of the chromosomes during cell division, and errors in the process can result in cancer.

Such perfect division depends on the position of the mitotic spindle (chromosomes, microtubules, and spindle poles) within the cell, and it's now clear that human cells employ two specific mechanisms during the portion of division known as anaphase to correct mitotic spindle positioning.

The de-repressed satellite RNAs induced damage to the chromosomes by fusing them inappropriately and breaking them in what is called genomic instability, a catastrophic event for the cell during cell division, which can lead to cancer.

Eukaryotic DNA is divided into several linear bundles called chromosomes that are separated by a microtubular spindle during nuclear division.

The Kops group studies the processes involved in chromosome segregation during cell division, with a focus on molecular mechanisms, evolution and chromosomal instability.

Chromatin is compacted to form chromosomes, which pass along an organism's genetic fingerprint to newly formed cells during cell division.

The Constitutive Centromere - Associated Network (CCAN) plays a foundational role in the machine that directs chromosome segregation during cell division.

Needleman is especially interested in the spindle, a cellular structure that separates chromosomes and pulls the duplicated DNA from the mother cell into the daughter cell during division.

Delivery of chromosomes, the basic units of inheritance, to each daughter cell during cell division is mediated by the centromere.

For elucidating the sophisticated mechanism that mediates the perilous separation of duplicated chromosomes during cell division and thereby prevents genetic diseases such as cancer.