For years, I bred African Rift Lake
cichlids with no direct lighting, just eight - foot fluorescents in the ceiling.
Not exact matches
And
cichlid mothers who spend weeks
with their mouths full of eggs, waiting for them to hatch.
Over a remarkably short period,
cichlids in the African great lakes have spawned hundreds of new species,
with an enormous range of characteristics.
African
cichlids, whose visual systems are well studied, evolved in fairly clear, calm, blue lakes
with plenty of sunlight.
Moreover, the results are consistent
with molecular genetic data relating to the ongoing diversification of the family in the Great Lakes region of East Africa, which have indicated that hybridization between members of related species or even genera has played a major role in
cichlid speciation.
But the Lake Victoria
cichlids far surpass Darwin's finches in the astonishing speed
with which they diversified: the more than 500 species that live there and only there today all evolved within the past 15,000 to 10,000 years — an eyeblink in geologic terms — compared
with the 14 finch species that evolved over several million years.
However, in cooperation
with Dr. Ulrich Schliewen (Zoological State Collections, Munich), Reichenbacher and her team have assembled a unique database on the morphology of present - day
cichlids, in which all the lineages found in Lake Tanganyika are represented.
With a graduate student, Kapa Lenkov, Fernald tested this directly in
cichlids raised in his Stanford lab.
As perhaps
with any social creature, Fischer points out that higher social competence and the ability to conform to social hierarchies may well stand the
cichlids in good stead in later life:
Incipient species of African
cichlid fish have divergent genomic islands associated
with mate choice.
«In each of the two crater lakes new species of the Midas
cichlid evolved
with an elongated body — a phenotype that does not exist in ancestral lakes from which the colonisers of crater lakes came from,» explains Meyer.
Konstanz evolutionary biologists working
with Prof. Axel Meyer have now described parallel evolution of two closely related, but geographically isolated populations of
cichlid fish in Nicaraguan crater lakes.
In a 2014 paper, Burghardt and his colleagues from the University of Tennessee and the Smithsonian National Zoological Park described how three
cichlid fish played
with a thermometer in their tank, bouncing the «toy» repeatedly.
The researchers then took photographs of the
cichlids at six different times during development and compared these
with each other.
Baby
cichlid fish masquerade as snails
with mother luring more snails in, which allows the mother to spend less time chasing away predators
But this theory came
with a big assumption:
Cichlids must have evolved before Gondwana broke up.
They sequenced 10 nuclear genes from 89 modern species of
cichlids and 69 other fish to come up
with dates when
cichlids diverged from their fishy relatives.
Seven of the 14 socialized fish learned to associate yellow
with food (high marks for the
cichlids, which are not the brightest fish in the animal kingdom), whereas only three of the 15 isolated fish successfully made the same association.
«The Nile perch, preying on
cichlids, did indeed decimate stocks of these species in Lake Victoria,» says Matt McGee, who studied the ecology and evolution of fish - eating
cichlids for his doctoral thesis at the University of California, Davis, and is now carrying out research on invasive fish species
with Ole Seehausen at Eawag and Bern University.
The
cichlid, Neolamprologus furcifer, raises its brood in rocky nests near the lake shore — a habitat shared
with various snail species.
Descendants of the genetically diverse hybrid population colonized the lake and, within the evolutionarily short period of several thousand years, diverged to form around 500 new (endemic)
cichlid species,
with a wide variety of ecological specializations.
The research paper, done in collaboration
with scientists at the Broad Institute, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Sciences and Georgia Institute of Technology, in addition to international scientists in the
cichlid research community, appears in the September, advance online edition of Nature.
The East African
cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi are ideal for investigating behavioral adaptation to environment, as within genera, fine - scale niche partitioning has resulted in sympatric sister species that live in definable microhabitats
with distinct selection pressures.
Compared
with the ancestral lineage, the East African
cichlid genomes possess: an excess of gene duplications; alterations in regulatory, non-protein-coding elements in the genome; accelerated evolution of protein - coding elements, especially in genes for pigmentation; and other distinct features that affect gene expression, such as insertions of transposable elements and regulation by novel microRNAs.
Using nuclear haplotypes
with microsatellites to study gene flow between recently separated
Cichlid species Hey, J., Y. Won, A. Sivasundar, R. Nielsen, et al. 2004.
Comparative genomic analysis from 82 wild and wild - derived species grouped by microhabitat - use identified variation corresponding
with one of these QTL, further supporting broad association
with habitat use across the Malawi
cichlid radiation.
To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying
cichlid phenotypic diversity, we sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of five lineages of African
cichlids: the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an ancestral lineage
with low diversity; and four members of the East African lineage: Neolamprologus brichardi / pulcher (older radiation, Lake Tanganyika), Metriaclima zebra (recent radiation, Lake Malawi), Pundamilia nyererei (very recent radiation, Lake Victoria), and Astatotilapia burtoni (riverine species around Lake Tanganyika).
The new study, done in collaboration
with scientists at Eawag Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Sciences and Georgia Institute of Technology, in addition to more than 70 scientists from the international
cichlid research community, appears in the September 3 advance online edition of Nature.
Finally, we collaborate
with Lauren Chapman of McGill University (Montreal, Canada) to study the role of phenotypic plasticity (changes induced by the environment) and genetic assimilation in the process of adaptation and evolutionary change of
cichlid fishes.
Over 1,500
cichlid profiles
with pictures, description and care 4 great reasons to join: Free to use, not just free to join.
Tucked away in the Pacific Northwest
with my wife Denise, a Border Collie named Aoife (pronounced EYE - fa), a guitar collection, and an increasing number of aquariums sporting a variety of fish (
cichlids are my new favorites), I live for football season when I can ch....
Tucked away in the Pacific Northwest
with my wife Denise, a Border Collie named Aoife (pronounced EYE - fa), a guitar collection, and an increasing number of aquariums sporting a variety of fish (
cichlids are my new favorites), I live for football season when I can cheer on the Oregon Ducks and my Super Bowl Champion Seattle Seahawks.
It was a 75 - gallon tank
with about 300 juvenile jewel
cichlids, a rare species from the Congo River.
Does someone who destroys Zebra Mussels, Kudzu, African
Cichlids, Burmese Pythons, Brown Tree Snakes, or any of the other myriad destructive invasive - species have some personal problem
with that species?
For pets, the family dog is a husky named Nanook and Stacy also boasts a 300 - gallon tank filled
with African
Cichlids.
The store boasts 17 different 240 - gallon systems and three 135 - gallon display tanks that are teeming
with neons, sword tails, rasboras, African
cichlids and countless other fish.
They should be familiar
with many tetras, barbs, rasboras, danios, rainbows,
cichlids, livebearer strains, etc..
Ryan's Pet Supplies will distribute the brand in the U.S. Across the globe, the company partnered
with the following distributors: Wise Pet of South Korea,
Cichlid Wholesale from Alberta, Canada and Christies in the U.K.