Multiple factors contribute to outbreaks
of ciguatera poisoning, including pollution and reef degradation.
Warmer sea surface temperatures during El Niño events have been associated with
ciguatera outbreaks in the Pacific (Hales et al., 1999).
«I thought they were poisonous, that they carry a disease
called ciguatera that makes your hair and teeth fall out and blinds you to boot.»
As of July 2014, though, there are no known cases of
ciguatera from eating lionfish.
Though the exact amount of
ciguatera toxin necessary to trigger severe side effects is unknown, the more toxin you get, the worse you feel, according to Lorraine Backer, a senior environmental epidemiologist at the CDC.
In the 2007 outbreak, nine people fell ill due to
ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), which can occur after consuming predatory ocean fish — such as barracuda, amberjack, red snapper, and grouper — that have eaten contaminated plant - eating fish.
The proliferation of algae and dinoflagellates during these warming events could increase the number of people affected by toxins (such
as ciguatera) due to the consumption of marine food sources (Union des Comores, 2002; see also Chapter 16, Section 16.4.5).
«Just the fear and rumor
of ciguatera is enough to close a fishery, and that's the last thing we need as we try to encourage people to fight lionfish explosion by eating the invader.»
Such a strategy is in jeopardy, though, because the FDA added the lionfishes Pterois volitans and Pterois miles to
their ciguatera watch list, a catalog of species that may contain the potentially fatal foodborne toxin, citing evidence that lionfish have positively tested for ciguatera.
-- Monitor health problems (e.g., red tides,
ciguatera, cholera) that could increase under climate change and harm fish stocks and consumers.