Impact of the study: Results suggest that the presence of
circulating testosterone in aging sexually intact male dogs may slow the progression of cognitive impairment, at least among dogs that already have signs of mild impairment.
«Despite having low levels
of circulating testosterone, very few subjects reported symptoms consistent with testosterone deficiency or excess,» Page said.
«
Circulating testosterone isn't the whole story,» says Susanne Schultz, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Manchester, UK, who describes the finding as «a very surprising result».
«We found evidence reduced levels of
circulating testosterone were associated with increased phthalate exposure in several key populations, including boys ages 6 - 12, and men and women ages 40 - 60,» said one of the study's authors, John D. Meeker, MS, ScD, of the University of Michigan School of Public Health in Ann Arbor, MI.
Free testosterone comprises one to two percent of total testosterone and is considered a useful surrogate for the biologically active portion of
circulating testosterone.
Circulating testosterone and feather - gene expression of receptors and metabolic enzymes in relation to melanin - based colouration in the barn owl.
Resistance training results in micro-trauma to protein structures within the muscle cells and
circulating testosterone is instrumental in the repair and replacement of these structures.
Fifty percent of
circulating testosterone is bound to sex hormone — binding globulin, which directly affects free testosterone levels.
Insulin signals the ovaries to secrete testosterone and inhibit hepatic sex - hormone binding globulin (SHBG) production which leads to an increased level of
circulating testosterone.
(Women need about one tenth of
the circulating testosterone that men do.)
Icariin in Epimedium extract supplements may also improve the use of free,
circulating testosterone.
It has been shown to «increase the level of
circulating testosterone.»
Background The ovaries provide approximately half
the circulating testosterone in premenopausal women.
In humans, L - carnitine helps to increase the growth of muscle cell fibers by increasing energy production within cells and by increasing the number of androgen receptor sites on the muscle cell surface, which in turn increases the level of
circulating testosterone.