Not exact matches
To derive the climate projections for this
assessment, we employed 20 general
circulation models to consider two scenarios of global carbon emissions: one where atmospheric greenhouse gases are stabilized by the end of the century and the other where it grows on its current path (the stabilization [RCP4.5] and business - as - usual [RCP8.5] emission scenarios, respectively).
Some attribution
assessments that link events to dynamically driven changes in
circulation have been criticized on the grounds that small signal - to - noise ratios,
modeling deficiencies, and uncertainties in the effects of climate forcings on
circulation render conclusions unreliable and prone to downplaying the role of anthropogenic change.
«The authors write that «the notorious tropical bias problem in climate simulations of global coupled general
circulation models manifests itself particularly strongly in the tropical Atlantic,»... they state that «the climate bias problem is still so severe that one of the most basic features of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean — the eastward shoaling thermocline — can not be reproduced by most of the IPCC assessment report models,... as they describe it, «show that the bias in the eastern equatorial Atlantic has a major effect on sea - surface temperature (SST) response to a rapid change in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AM
circulation models manifests itself particularly strongly in the tropical Atlantic,»... they state that «the climate bias problem is still so severe that one of the most basic features of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean — the eastward shoaling thermocline — can not be reproduced by most of the IPCC
assessment report
models,... as they describe it, «show that the bias in the eastern equatorial Atlantic has a major effect on sea - surface temperature (SST) response to a rapid change in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation (AM
Circulation (AMOC).»
Detection / attribution
assessments, using General
Circulation Models (GCMs) or Energy Balance
Models (EBMs) with geographical distributions of surface temperature trends, suggest that the solar influence on climate is greater than would be anticipated from radiative forcing estimates.
However, an
assessment of transports at 48 ° N using five repeat World Ocean
Circulation Experiment sections and air - sea heat and freshwater fluxes as input to an inverse box
model yielded no significant trend in the meridional overturning at that latitude (Lumpkin et al., 2008), though the time period studied was relatively short (1993 - 2000).