1974 A.J. Semtner, «An Oceanic General
Circulation Model with Bottom Topography».
The annular mode simulated by an atmospheric general
circulation model with a zonally symmetric lower boundary is investigated.
An idealized general
circulation model with an analytically described Newtonian cooling term is employed to study the occurrence rate of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) over a wide range of parameters.
Wang et al. (2012b) force the dynamical core of an atmospheric general
circulation model with warming in the tropical troposphere that mimics the effects of climate change there.
Future development of the ozone layer calculated by a general
circulation model with fully interactive chemistry.
Personally I'd like the climate boffins, or someone, run the global
circulation models with no ocean and see what happens.
Without studying the principles of highly - organized functioning of ecological communities, including their genetically encoded ability to respond to environmental perturbations in a non-random compensatory way, the perspectives drawn from global
circulation models with respect to the climatic effects of land cover change (e.g., statements like cutting all boreal forests will ease global warming) will continue to lack any resemblance to reality.
Not exact matches
These
models boost your
circulation and provide you
with all the positives of compression therapy without making a big dent in your budget.
«Which of those is correct at this stage is unknown, but the droughts being driven by atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is in line
with some of these global
circulation models,» Lewis said.
All this
modelling work, combined
with in situ measurements (oceanographic campaigns recently carried out as part of the AMOP project) help improve our understanding of the interactions between biogeochemistry, atmospheric
circulation and oceanic
circulation.
With coordinated experiments with six atmospheric general circulation models, forced by observed daily sea - ice concentration and sea surface temperatu
With coordinated experiments
with six atmospheric general circulation models, forced by observed daily sea - ice concentration and sea surface temperatu
with six atmospheric general
circulation models, forced by observed daily sea - ice concentration and sea surface temperatures.
They were Jorge Sarmiento, an oceanographer at Princeton University who constructs ocean -
circulation models that calculate how much atmospheric carbon dioxide eventually goes into the world's oceans; Eileen Claussen, executive director of the Pew Center for Global Climate Change in Washington, D.C.; and David Keith, a physicist
with the University of Calgary in Alberta who designs technological solutions to the global warming problem.
The researchers paired MIT's global
circulation model — which simulates physical phenomena such as ocean currents, temperatures, and salinity —
with an ecosystem
model that simulates the behavior of 96 species of phytoplankton.
Our study compares climate
models that include ocean
circulation (top right)
with climate
models that have no ocean
circulation (bottom right).
When combined
with General
Circulation Models, such observations would be essential in understanding the hydrological cycle and seasonal variation on Titan.
He promoted the use of water stable isotopomers for reconstructing past climate changes from ice cores and
with associated atmospheric
modelling using both dynamically simple and General
Circulation Models (GCMs).
Broecker's articulation of likely effects of freshwater outbursts in the North Atlantic on ocean
circulation and global climate (Broecker, 1990; Broecker et al., 1990) spurred quantitative studies
with idealized ocean
models (Stocker and Wright, 1991) and global atmosphere — ocean
models (Manabe and Stouffer, 1995; Rahmstorf 1995, 1996).
Computer
models reveal that exoplanets
with very saline oceans could have
circulation patterns opposite to that on Earth, resulting in dramatic warming of their polar regions, possibly extending their range of habitability.
16)
models with prescribed anthropogenic forcing show no similar
circulation changes related to the North Atlantic Oscillation or associated tropospheric warming.
Simulations
with general
circulation ocean
models do not fully support the gas exchange - sea ice hypothesis.
Her research apparatus is built
with a fusion of advanced statistical methods, idealized general
circulation models (GCM), and state of the art climate
models.
Galin, V. Ya., E.M. Volodin, and S.P. Smyshliaev, 2003: Atmospheric general
circulation model of INM RAS
with ozone dynamics.
Diansky, N.A., and E.M. Volodin, 2002: Simulation of the present - day climate
with a coupled atmosphere - ocean general
circulation model.
Le Treut, H., Z.X. Li, and M. Forichon, 1994: Sensitivity of the LMD general
circulation model to greenhouse forcing associated
with two different cloud water parametrizations.
Hourdin, F., et al., 2006: The LMDZ4 general
circulation model: Climate performance and sensitivity to parameterized physics
with emphasis on tropical convection.
Peters, M.E., and C.S. Bretherton, 2005: A simplified
model of the Walker
circulation with an interactive ocean mixed layer and cloud - radiative feedbacks.
Methods: In these experiments, the research team conducted large ensembles of simulations
with two state - of - the - art atmospheric general
circulation models by abruptly switching the sea - surface temperature warming on from January 1st to focus on the wintertime
circulation adjustment.
Climate
modeling groups have also been experimenting
with ways to use the predictability of deeper ocean
circulations (where internal variations can persist for up to a decade), but results have been mixed at best.
Knowledge of dominant scales associated
with mesoscale eddies enables a better understanding of the resolution requirements for the Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project, the framework used for comparison of global coupled ocean - atmosphere general
circulation models.
The factors and caveats that impact all of these different recorders are also widely available in the literature, and more recently isotope - enabled general
circulation models have become more widely used in sync
with observations (e.g., see Gavin Schmidt and others 2007 paper)
The visualization covers the period June 2005 to December 2007 and is based on a synthesis of a numerical
model with observational data, created by a NASA project called Estimating the
Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, or ECCO for short.
Not long after the cars had been in
circulation, owners began to fill the forums and blogs
with concern that there was something about the
Model S that caused premature tire wear.
The app operates on a pay - per -
circulation model, like Freading, so libraries don't have to deal
with purchasing multiple copies to enable simultaneous use.
The report is quite specific that this new
model is nothing to do
with the iPad 5, it's not a new generation, it's an expansion of the current - generation iPad 4 family and will sit alongside the 16 GB, 32 GB and 64 GB
models already in
circulation.
Using rat
models, Hiebert discovered that oral heparin rapidly enters the body's
circulation with much of the drug being taken up by the endothelium (layer of flattened cells that line blood vessels and some internal body cavities).
In addition to encouraging the
circulation of artworks through a gift economy that challenged the art world's dominant economic
model, LeWitt's exchanges
with friends and strangers have the same qualities of generosity and risk that characterized his work in general.
In New York, there was last year's New Museum Triennial, «Surround Audience,» whose participants addressed «a society replete
with impressions of life, be they visual, written, or constructed through data,» and «Ocean of Images,» the 2015 iteration of MoMA's «New Photography» showcase, featuring artists who use «contemporary photo - based culture, specifically focusing on connectivity, the
circulation of images, information networks, and communication
models.»
In addition to encouraging the
circulation of artworks through a gift economy that challenged the art world's dominant economic
model, LeWitt's exchanges
with strangers have the same qualities of generosity, and risk, that characterized his work in general.
Our estimate is based primarily on our review of a series of calculations
with three - dimensional
models of the global atmospheric
circulation, which is summarized in Chapter 4.
In this
model, enhanced seasonal contrasts through milankovitch forcing (Lourens et al., 2005), combined
with a gradually warming late - Paleocene to early Eocene, forced a non-linear response in ocean
circulation to warm intermediate waters.
The use a «seeding» method to randomly generate small vortices analogous to «short wave» tropical disturbances in the real world (the tracks they take are defined in terms of the background atmospheric
circulation of the
model combined
with the so - called «self advection» of the TC itself).
There may be reason to strongly suspect that in any sufficiently complicated dynamical system
model (such as climate)
with stochastic parameters (e.g., exactly when and where a lightning strike starts a major wildfire or a major submarine earthquake perturbs ocean
circulation in a region or a major volcanic eruption introduces stratospheric aerosols), it is almost certain that any given run of the
model will have periods of significant deviation from the mean of multiple runs.
Using a complex coupled atmosphere - ocean general
circulation model (ECHAM5 / MPI - OM) climate response experiments
with enhanced small - scale fluctuations are performed.
Recent 20 experiments
with a fully coupled atmosphere — ocean climate general
circulation model (GCM) supported this scenario (Lunt et al., 2011).
The best simple answer I've seen is basically that you have to go to a 2 - box
model of Earth,
with warm tropics and cold poles, and then realize that thanks to the thermohaline
circulation the deep oceans are coupled almost exclusively to the polar regions, and so are in the «cold» box and not the warm one or some average of them.
I understand the
model that you describe of two
circulations with no mass exchange, one wind driven at shallow depth, and one thermohaline at greater depth.
These
models consist of connected sub-modules that deal
with radiative transfer, the
circulation of the atmosphere and oceans, the physics of moist convection and cloud formation, sea ice, soil moisture and the like.
One needs to contrast the long - term weakening of the Walker
circulation (which is robust)
with the change in the
models» El Nià ± o (which is not robust — there's a series of papers describing this for the current IPCC
models: e.g. van Oldenborgh et al 2005 Ocean Sci., Merryfield 2005 J. Clim., Capotondi et al 2005 J. Clim., Guilyard 2005 Clim.
This fits well
with an increased
circulation model where there is a competition of space for storms to form so they end up as static waves.
A vast array of thought has been brought to bear on this problem, beginning
with Arrhenius» simple energy balance calculation, continuing through Manabe's one - dimensional radiative - convective
models in the 1960's, and culminating in today's comprehensive atmosphere - ocean general
circulation models.