Sentences with phrase «circulation models of the climate»

The question is «evidence of what» a... ***** Since it is putatively a General Circulation Model of climate, one would expect it's output to deal with climate.

Interview with Jack Eddy Ocean Currents and Climate Theory Simple Models of Climate Change Chaos in the Atmosphere Venus & Mars General Circulation Models of Climate Basic Radiation Calculations Arakawa's Computation Device GCM Family Tree (P. Edwards)

Not exact matches

This model is widely used by both UK and international groups for research into ocean circulation, climate and marine ecosystems, and operationally as part of the UK Met Office's weather forecasting.

«As a result, some atmospheric circulations systems can not be resolved by these models, and this clearly impacts the accuracy of climate change predictions as shown in our study.»

Observations and the high - resolution climate model CM2.6 show a strong relationship between a weakening Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and an increase in the proportion of warm - temperate slope water entering the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf, primarily through the Gulf of Maine's Northeast Channel.

«Formation of coastal sea ice in North Pacific drives ocean circulation, climate: New understanding of changes in North Pacific ocean circulation over the past 1.2 million years could lead to better global climate models.»

The UM Rosenstiel School researchers used historical observations of cloud cover as a proxy for wind velocity in climate models to analyze the Walker circulation, the atmospheric air flow and heat distribution in the tropic Pacific region that affects patterns of tropical rainfall.

A Columbia Engineering team led by Pierre Gentine, professor of earth and environmental engineering, and Adam Sobel, professor of applied physics and applied mathematics and of earth and environmental sciences, has developed a new approach, opposite to climate models, to correct climate model inaccuracies using a high - resolution atmospheric model that more precisely resolves clouds and convection (precipitation) and parameterizes the feedback between convection and atmospheric circulation.

CMIP was established as a resource for climate modelers, providing a standard protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation models so that these models can be compared and validated.

This new information can be incorporated into current climate models to predict future changes in the magnitude and pattern of the Walker Circulation due to increased greenhouse gas emissions.

Climate models show the absence of a global atmospheric circulation pattern which bolsters high ocean temperatures key to coral bleaching

«Climate changes predicted by the global circulation models would cause several percent of the Mexican population to move north [if] all other factors are held constant.»

They were Jorge Sarmiento, an oceanographer at Princeton University who constructs ocean - circulation models that calculate how much atmospheric carbon dioxide eventually goes into the world's oceans; Eileen Claussen, executive director of the Pew Center for Global Climate Change in Washington, D.C.; and David Keith, a physicist with the University of Calgary in Alberta who designs technological solutions to the global warming problem.

A global climate model or general circulation model aims to describe climate behavior by integrating a variety of fluid - dynamical, chemical, or even biological equations that are either derived directly from physical laws (e.g.

Using climate models and data collected about aerosols and meteorology over the past 30 years, the researchers found that air pollution over Asia — much of it coming from China — is impacting global air circulations.

New understanding of changes in North Pacific ocean circulation over the past 1.2 million years could lead to better global climate models

In a recent paper titled, «Demarcating circulation regimes of synchronously rotating terrestrial planets within the habitable zone,» my co-authors and I analyze a set of climate model calculations to examine the dependence upon stellar effective temperature of the atmospheric dynamics of planets as they move closer to the inner edge of the habitable zone.

The climate models aren't really good enough in their representation of present - day circulation to give you much confidence in the specifics of their predictions [so that you could use them to do a cost - benefit analysis for example], but the risk of widespread change is still there.

And a proper discussion of climate change often does call for precise terms like external forcing and general circulation models, and other non-toddler friendly jargon.

Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory showed that global climate models are not accurately depicting the true depth and strength of tropical clouds that have a strong hold on the general circulation of atmospheric heat and the global water balance.

(Top left) Global annual mean radiative influences (W m — 2) of LGM climate change agents, generally feedbacks in glacial - interglacial cycles, but also specified in most Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) simulations for the LGM.

To derive the climate projections for this assessment, we employed 20 general circulation models to consider two scenarios of global carbon emissions: one where atmospheric greenhouse gases are stabilized by the end of the century and the other where it grows on its current path (the stabilization [RCP4.5] and business - as - usual [RCP8.5] emission scenarios, respectively).

Both observations and the climate model demonstrate a robust relationship between a weakening Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and an increase in the proportion of Warm - Temperate Slope Water entering the Northwest Atlantic Shelf.

He promoted the use of water stable isotopomers for reconstructing past climate changes from ice cores and with associated atmospheric modelling using both dynamically simple and General Circulation Models (GCMs).

Broecker's articulation of likely effects of freshwater outbursts in the North Atlantic on ocean circulation and global climate (Broecker, 1990; Broecker et al., 1990) spurred quantitative studies with idealized ocean models (Stocker and Wright, 1991) and global atmosphere — ocean models (Manabe and Stouffer, 1995; Rahmstorf 1995, 1996).

Previously, Kelly was a Postdoctoral Fellow and Research Associate at the University of Washington and the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada where she studied the role of the changing Arctic sea ice cover on global circulation, weather, and climate using a hierarchy of numerical global climate models.

Her research apparatus is built with a fusion of advanced statistical methods, idealized general circulation models (GCM), and state of the art climate models.

Cess, R.D., et al., 1989: Interpretation of cloud - climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models.

Diansky, N.A., and E.M. Volodin, 2002: Simulation of the present - day climate with a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model.

Zhang, M.H., R.D. Cess, J.J. Hack, and J.T. Kiehl, 1994: Diagnostic study of climate feedback processed in atmospheric general circulation models.

Using the adjoint of an ocean general circulation model, I try to understand the local and remote processes that generate temperature anomalies in the Nordic Seas on different timescales and their potential contribution to decadal climate predictability.

Wood, R.A., A.B. Keen, J.F.B. Mitchell, and J.M. Gregory, 1999: Changing spatial structure of the thermohaline circulation in response to atmospheric CO2 forcing in a climate model.

Climate modeling groups have also been experimenting with ways to use the predictability of deeper ocean circulations (where internal variations can persist for up to a decade), but results have been mixed at best.

The delta method interpolates the General Circulation Model generally used in climate modelling at scales of 100 to 200 km using a thin plate spline spatial interpolation method to achieve the 30 arc seconds resolution [52].

The Met Office Hadley Centre (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research) climate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thClimate Prediction and Research) climate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thclimate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanModel, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than B1).

Climate change projections were based on an ensemble of four General Circulation Models (UKMO HadCM3, MPIM ECHAM5, CSIRO MK3.5 and GFDL CM2.1), downscaled to 10 minutes [32], considering three emissions scenarios (B2, A1B and A2) for 1975 (mean 1961 — 1990), 2050 (mean 2041 — 2060) and 2090 (mean 2081 — 2100).

There is considerable confidence that Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate change, particularly at continental and larger scales.

This Bern model incorporates non-linear ocean chemistry feedbacks and CO2 fertilization of the terrestrial biosphere, but it omits climate - carbon feedbacks, e.g., assuming static global climate and ocean circulation.

First, the hypothesis of manmade global warming is only supported by general circulation models, which are known to be imperfect representations of the Earth's climate systems.

The visualization covers the period June 2005 to December 2007 and is based on a synthesis of a numerical model with observational data, created by a NASA project called Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, or ECCO for short.

However, the general circulation models are, at present, timeconsuming and expensive to run, and, despite the known shortcomings of the one - dimensional models, most available predictions of climate change have been made using the simpler models.

This correction changes the overall salt budget for the Atlantic, also changing the stability of the model's ocean circulation in future climate change.

(This genre of one - dimensional and two - dimensional models lay between the rudimentary, often qualitative models covered in the essay on Simple Models of Climate and the elaborate three - dimensional General Circulation Models of the Atmospmodels lay between the rudimentary, often qualitative models covered in the essay on Simple Models of Climate and the elaborate three - dimensional General Circulation Models of the Atmospmodels covered in the essay on Simple Models of Climate and the elaborate three - dimensional General Circulation Models of the AtmospModels of Climate and the elaborate three - dimensional General Circulation Models of the AtmospModels of the Atmosphere.)

There may be reason to strongly suspect that in any sufficiently complicated dynamical system model (such as climate) with stochastic parameters (e.g., exactly when and where a lightning strike starts a major wildfire or a major submarine earthquake perturbs ocean circulation in a region or a major volcanic eruption introduces stratospheric aerosols), it is almost certain that any given run of the model will have periods of significant deviation from the mean of multiple runs.

«It is now widely known that the water vapor feedback in general circulation models (GCMs) is close to that which would result from a climate ‐ invariant distribution of relative humidity [Soden and Held, 2006], as long anticipated before the advent of such models [e.g., Arrhenius, 1896; Manabe and Wetherald, 1967].»

There are uncertainties in parts of the general circulation models used to forecast future climate, but thousands of scientists have made meticulous efforts to make sure that the processes are based on observations of basic physics, laboratory measurements, and sound theoretical calculations.

That matters because the trickiest part of global climate models appears to be how they handle ocean - atmosphere interactions, and I really have no idea how well they link changes in local wind - driven upwelling to the net thermohaline circulation.

«GCM — General Circulation Model (sometimes Global Climate Model) which includes the physics of the atmosphere and often the ocean, sea ice and land surface as well.»

Schmidt, G.A., D.T. Shindell, R.L. Miller, M.E. Mann, and D. Rind, General circulation modelling of Holocene climate variability, Quaternary Sci.

Eg the Lea et al 2002 paper I referenced above has the title «Sensitivity analysis of the climate of a chaotic ocean circulation model».