Sentences with phrase «circulation of the atmosphere on»

exploring the intrinsic and forced variability and predictability of the general circulation of the atmosphere on short to extended ranges;

Not exact matches

Gross says that the most important processes affecting day length are changes in the weather, especially unusual variations in the strength and direction of the winds, which bring on alterations in the global circulation of the atmosphere and ocean.

A new study has found that turbulent mixing in the deep waters of the Southern Ocean, which has a profound effect on global ocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength of surface eddies — the ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind speeds.

This means that an increase in temperature and the associated reorganization in ocean circulation, for instance, had less of an effect on the marine ecosystem's ability to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in the subsurface layers of the ocean.

Broecker's articulation of likely effects of freshwater outbursts in the North Atlantic on ocean circulation and global climate (Broecker, 1990; Broecker et al., 1990) spurred quantitative studies with idealized ocean models (Stocker and Wright, 1991) and global atmosphere — ocean models (Manabe and Stouffer, 1995; Rahmstorf 1995, 1996).

These emissions track the recombination of atomic nitrogen and oxygen produced on the dayside, and reveal the circulation patterns of the atmosphere.

La Ninas, which feature cooler than normal waters in the eastern tropical Pacific, impact the circulation of the atmosphere overhead in a way that tends to tamp down on typhoon activity.

Robertson, A.W., 2001: Influence of ocean - atmosphere interaction on the Arctic Oscillation in two general circulation models.

Bjorn Stevens has a lot going on: scientific member of the Max Planck Society, director of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, head of the department Atmosphere and the Earth System, professor at the University of Hamburg, lead author of an IPCC AR 5 Chapter 7, co-lead of a WCRP Grand Challenge on Clouds, Circulation and Climate Sensitivity.

The Met Office Hadley Centre (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research) climate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater than B1).

Includes detailed information on the characteristics of the atmosphere, factors affecting wind, global atmospheric circulation systems, global pressure patterns and Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells.

(This genre of one - dimensional and two - dimensional models lay between the rudimentary, often qualitative models covered in the essay on Simple Models of Climate and the elaborate three - dimensional General Circulation Models of the Atmosphere.)

eg «These studies provide new insights on the sensitivity and response of meridional ocean circulation to melt water inputs to the North Atlantic high latitudes (e.g., Bamberg et al., 2010; Irvali et al., 2012; Morley et al., 2011) and their potential role in amplifying small radiative variations into large a climate response through dynamic changes in ocean - atmosphere interactions (e.g., Morely et al., 2011; Irvali et al., 2012; Morley et al., 2014).

A vast array of thought has been brought to bear on this problem, beginning with Arrhenius» simple energy balance calculation, continuing through Manabe's one - dimensional radiative - convective models in the 1960's, and culminating in today's comprehensive atmosphere - ocean general circulation models.

It stands to reason that the oceans haven't been that warm in a while but since the average temperature of the whole mass of water is so dependent on circulation (it's only the surface temperature that's constrained by its interactions with the atmosphere and space), I suppose a plausible history of that particular value would be very hard to reconstruct.

Haarsma et al (2015) argue on the basis of model calculations that the weakening of the AMOC will be the main cause of changes in the summer circulation of the atmosphere over Europe in the future.

As noted in that post, RealClimate defines the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation («AMO») as, «A multidecadal (50 - 80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») siatmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») siAtmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulations.

GCMs are three - dimensional mathematical models of the atmosphere's circulation that are run on super-computers.

Observations and theory of the general circulation of the atmosphere, with emphasis on understanding physical mechanisms

The meeting will mainly cover the following themes, but can include other topics related to understanding and modelling the atmosphere: ● Surface drag and momentum transport: orographic drag, convective momentum transport ● Processes relevant for polar prediction: stable boundary layers, mixed - phase clouds ● Shallow and deep convection: stochasticity, scale - awareness, organization, grey zone issues ● Clouds and circulation feedbacks: boundary - layer clouds, CFMIP, cirrus ● Microphysics and aerosol - cloud interactions: microphysical observations, parameterization, process studies on aerosol - cloud interactions ● Radiation: circulation coupling; interaction between radiation and clouds ● Land - atmosphere interactions: Role of land processes (snow, soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction ● Physics - dynamics coupling: numerical methods, scale - separation and grey - zone, thermodynamic consistency ● Next generation model development: the challenge of exascale, dynamical core developments, regional refinement, super-parametrization ● High Impact and Extreme Weather: role of convective scale models; ensembles; relevant challenges for model development

As the deep oceans turn over, on an eight - hundred - year cycle of circulation, they will take the carbon dioxide now in the atmosphere down into Davy Jones's Locker, where it will be of no use to man, beast, or plant life.

This affects the ability of these models to project the effects of sea - ice changes on the atmosphere, deep - ocean circulation and nutrient cycling.

I suspect the GCM's appear to do well on a large scale because they model the broad brush circulation of the atmosphere, eg Hadley cell, coriolis etc quite well.

Would a drop in temperature of the upper atmosphere of say 500 °F have no effect on surface temperatures or atmospheric circulation patterns?

Sequestration rates, on the other hand, changing the total of CO2 in the atmosphere, and hence the ppm concentration, has another timeframe entirely (regulated primarily by ocean circulation exposing water that can absorb CO2), which you seem strangely unaware of.

Mitchell JL, Pierrehumbert RT, Frierson DMW and Caballero R 2009: The impact of methane thermodynamics on seasonal convection and circulation in a model Titan atmosphere.

Associated with our work on atmospheric circulation patterns we are studying energy transport in the earth system and the transport of water in the atmosphere on different time and space scales.

The results obtained provide evidence that the mechanism of solar activity and cosmic ray influences on the lower atmosphere circulation involves changes in the evolution of the stratospheric polar vortex.

Between its Second and Third Assessment Reports, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change elaborated long - term greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, in part to drive global ocean - atmosphere general circulation models, and ultimately to assess the urgency of action to prevent the risk of climatic change.

The experiments were performed with ModelE2, a new version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) coupled general circulation model that includes three different versions for the atmospheric composition components: a noninteractive version (NINT) with prescribed composition and a tuned aerosol indirect effect (AIE), the TCAD version with fully interactive aerosols, whole - atmosphere chemistry, and the tuned AIE, and the TCADI version which further includes a parameterized first indirect aerosol effect on clouds.

But in a given model you can often find ways of altering the model's climate sensitivity through the sub-grid convection and cloud schemes that affect cloud feedback, but you have to tread carefully because the cloud simulation exerts a powerful control on the atmospheric circulation, top - of - atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative flux patterns, the tropical precipitation distribution, etc..

CAS = Commission for Atmospheric Sciences CMDP = Climate Metrics and Diagnostic Panel CMIP = Coupled Model Intercomparison Project DAOS = Working Group on Data Assimilation and Observing Systems GASS = Global Atmospheric System Studies panel GEWEX = Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GLASS = Global Land - Atmosphere System Studies panel GOV = Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) Ocean View JWGFVR = Joint Working Group on Forecast Verification Research MJO - TF = Madden - Julian Oscillation Task Force PDEF = Working Group on Predictability, Dynamics and Ensemble Forecasting PPP = Polar Prediction Project QPF = Quantitative precipitation forecast S2S = Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project SPARC = Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate TC = Tropical cyclone WCRP = World Climate Research Programme WCRP Grand Science Challenges • Climate Extremes • Clouds, Circulation and Climate Sensitivity • Melting Ice and Global Consequences • Regional Sea - Ice Change and Coastal Impacts • Water Availability WCRP JSC = Joint Scientific Committee WGCM = Working Group on Coupled Modelling WGSIP = Working Group on Subseasonal to Interdecadal Prediction WWRP = World Weather Research Programme YOPP = Year of Polar Prediction

How do theories for the Hadley circulation and for atmospheric macroturbulence based on dry dynamics need to be modified in the presence of moist processes, which alter, among other things, the effective static stability of the atmosphere?

Changing weather and climate — The causes, consequences of and responses to extreme weather conditions and natural weather hazards, recognising their changing distribution in time and space and drawing on an understanding of the global circulation of the atmosphere.

I have in the past (1970s) had a small part in reviving the field of sun - weather - climate research, see e.g. — Solar Magnetic Sector Structure: Relation to Circulation of the Earth's Atmosphere Wilcox, John M.; Scherrer, Philip H.; Svalgaard, Leif; Roberts, Walter Orr; Olson, Roger H. Science, Volume 180, Issue 4082, pp. 185 - 186 — Influence of Solar Magnetic Sector Structure on Terrestrial Atmospheric Vorticity.

Unresolved issues that will be addressed in a series of forthcoming studies include the effects of ocean dynamics on the predictability of low - frequency atmosphere and land variability and the feedback of soil moisture variations on atmospheric temperatures and circulation (e.g., Rowntree and Bolton 1983; Atlas et al. 1993; Koster et al. 2000).

A change in ocean heat content can also alter patterns of ocean circulation, which can have far - reaching effects on global climate conditions, including changes to the outcome and pattern of meteorological events such as tropical storms, and also temperatures in the northern Atlantic region, which are strongly influenced by currents that may be substantially reduced with CO2 increase in the atmosphere.

The influence of reduced solar forcing (grand solar minimum or geoengineering scenarios like solar radiation management) on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is assessed in an ensemble of atmosphere — ocean — chemistry — climate model simulations.

Whether the large - scale thermodynamic environment and atmospheric static stability (often measured by Convective Available Potential Energy, CAPE) becomes more favourable for tropical storms depends on how changes in atmospheric circulation, especially subsidence, affect the static stability of the atmosphere, and how the wind shear changes.

Thus an understanding of the mechanisms distributing water vapor through the atmosphere and of water vapor's effects on atmospheric radiation and circulation is vital to estimating long - term changes in climate.

Abstract We study trends and temporal correlations in the monthly mean temperature data of Prague and Melbourne derived from four state - of - the - art general circulation models that are currently used in studies of anthropogenic effects on the atmosphere: GFDL - R15 - a, CSIRO - Mk2, ECHAM4 / OPYC3 and HADCM3.

1) The enhancement to the hydrological cycle 2) increased advection of energy toward the polar regions, both by ocean currents and of course the atmosphere (there is a large team studying the expanding IPWP and the effects on atmospheric circulation right now).

It was not for practical weather prediction that meteorologists wanted to push on to model the entire general circulation of the global atmosphere.

The forcing aspect of the indirect effect at the top of the atmosphere is discussed in Chapter 2, while the processes that involve feedbacks or interactions, like the «cloud lifetime effect» [6], the «semi-direct effect» and aerosol impacts on the large - scale circulation, convection, the biosphere through nutrient supply and the carbon cycle, are discussed here.

To be clear, El Niño is a tropical Pacific phenomenon, even though it represents the strongest year - to - year meteorological fluctuation on the planet and disrupts the circulation of the global atmosphere.