Sentences with phrase «circulation trends in»

While the observed circulation trends project most strongly onto the third Z850 PC, the second Z850 PC is congruent with larger circulation trends in the western Amundsen and eastern Ross Sea (Fig. 6e).

The observational and model results broadly support our hypothesis, but suggest that further work is needed to diagnose the causes of the high - latitude circulation trends in models and observations.

To confirm that our interpretations are not dependent on the reanalysis dataset used, we also examined circulation trends in the ERA - 40 (Uppala et al. 2005) and JRA - 25 (Onogi et al. 2007) reanalysis datasets, and found similar results.

The TOGA ensemble correctly placed the maximum high - latitude circulation trend in the South Pacific sector, but overall simulated too zonally symmetric of a response compared with observations.

Not exact matches

These risks and uncertainties include competition and other economic conditions including fragmentation of the media landscape and competition from other media alternatives; changes in advertising demand, circulation levels and audience shares; the Company's ability to develop and grow its online businesses; the Company's reliance on revenue from printing and distributing third - party publications; changes in newsprint prices; macroeconomic trends and conditions; the Company's ability to adapt to technological changes; the Company's ability to realize benefits or synergies from acquisitions or divestitures or to operate its businesses effectively following acquisitions or divestitures; the Company's success in implementing expense mitigation efforts; the Company's reliance on third - party vendors for various services; adverse results from litigation, governmental investigations or tax - related proceedings or audits; the Company's ability to attract and retain employees; the Company's ability to satisfy pension and other postretirement employee benefit obligations; changes in accounting standards; the effect of labor strikes, lockouts and labor negotiations; regulatory and judicial rulings; the Company's indebtedness and ability to comply with debt covenants applicable to its debt facilities; the Company's ability to satisfy future capital and liquidity requirements; the Company's ability to access the credit and capital markets at the times and in the amounts needed and on acceptable terms; and other events beyond the Company's control that may result in unexpected adverse operating results.

This strategy runs counter to the trend of recent cutbacks in newsroom staffs, since it does require that media outlets put reporters on the ground, but it may spread if it turns out to be effective in driving traffic to media websites and generating enough advertising revenue to offset declines in print circulation.

Circulation reached record - breaking highs in 2003, and trends continue in 2004.

Their newest investigation analyzed recent events in chikungunya virus evolution that will aid in predicting future trends in transmission and circulation that determine epidemic potential.

The researchers looked closely at trends in cerebral blood circulation (perfusion) and cold temperature strategies used to protect the heart and brain during surgery.

Your statement that «Thus it is natural to look at the real world and see whether there is evidence that it behaves in the same way (and it appears to, since model hindcasts of past changes match observations very well)» seems to indicate that you think there will be no changes in ocean circulation or land use trends, nor any subsequent changes in cloud responses thereto or other atmospheric circulation.

A study relating to this — «Our study confirms many changes seen in upper Arctic Ocean circulation in the 1990s were mostly decadal in nature, rather than trends caused by global warming,» said Morison.

It should also be kept in mind that their analysis involved too short time series (24 years) for a proper local trend estimation, as local circulation variations (e.g. the North Atlantic Oscillation), the annual cycle, and inter-annual variations, most likely will make the analysis more difficult.

Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia3, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.

Most of the focus has been on the global mean temperature trend in the models and observations (it would certainly be worthwhile to look at some more subtle metrics — rainfall, latitudinal temperature gradients, Hadley circulation etc. but that's beyond the scope of this post).

«If these trends in circulation are legit, it calls for a greater understanding of underlying processes driving them,» he said.

«It's important to determine where we believe that some of the recent trends in circulation could potentially be linked with climate change, rather than just natural variability,» Ted Shepherd, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Reading in the U.K., said in an email.

«Within each budget, selectors at each location respond to circulation trends identified through ILS reports as well as customer requests and experience with in - house use.»

Our online panels reflected this trend, with most of the library staff who responded to our online questionnaire reporting that e-book circulation at their library had more than doubled in the past year (compared with the previous year).

Although circulation is up at TPL in pretty much all areas of print materials, one notable exception is in mass market paperbacks ---- the same trend that has been reported by the Association of American Publishers and the Book Industry Study group.1 At TPL, we are also seeing some decline in the use of compact discs, albeit to a lesser extent (1.2 million borrows per year).

In general it's recognised that prediction of the so far unpredictable phenomena (El Nino's, La Nina's, the fine details of ocean circulation oscillations, volcanos and any solar variation outwith the 11 year solar cycle) that provide short term modulation of any trend is likley to be unfruitful at present.

Some people think that the AMO is related to the atlantic thermohaline circulation, and that the shifting of heat North and South that is associated with its variations could cause some of the recent warming trend in the north Atlantic.

An INTAS - funded research project has been initiated to study the possible trends in snow cover during the last century over Northern Eurasia and the relation between snow cover variability and variations in atmospheric circulation patterns.

~ Our study confirms many changes seen in upper Arctic Ocean circulation in the 1990s were mostly decadal in nature, rather than trends caused by global warming,» / / www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2007-131 [ANDY REVKIN comments: That's precisely what I wrote in the Science Times feature on Arctic ice in September (link is in the post).

Your statement that «Thus it is natural to look at the real world and see whether there is evidence that it behaves in the same way (and it appears to, since model hindcasts of past changes match observations very well)» seems to indicate that you think there will be no changes in ocean circulation or land use trends, nor any subsequent changes in cloud responses thereto or other atmospheric circulation.

Vecchi et al. compared the observed trend in the Walker circulation between 1861 and 1992 to that yielded by simulations from the GFDL CM2 general circulation model, run with and without anthropogenic forcing.

Most of the focus has been on the global mean temperature trend in the models and observations (it would certainly be worthwhile to look at some more subtle metrics — rainfall, latitudinal temperature gradients, Hadley circulation etc. but that's beyond the scope of this post).

Here we analyze a series of climate model experiments along with observational data to show that the recent warming trend in Atlantic sea surface temperature and the corresponding trans - basin displacements of the main atmospheric pressure centers were key drivers of the observed Walker circulation intensification, eastern Pacific cooling, North American rainfall trends and western Pacific sea - level rise.

We will be watching future trends in the Walker circulation with bated breath.

In spite of recent progress in determining the climatic impacts of the Pacific trade wind acceleration, the cause of this pronounced trend in atmospheric circulation remains unknowIn spite of recent progress in determining the climatic impacts of the Pacific trade wind acceleration, the cause of this pronounced trend in atmospheric circulation remains unknowin determining the climatic impacts of the Pacific trade wind acceleration, the cause of this pronounced trend in atmospheric circulation remains unknowin atmospheric circulation remains unknown.

Using the known amplification of the solar cycle (and presumably the long term trend) in the UV band, allowing stratospheric temperatures and circulation patterns to adjust and including the direct radiative forcings from the sun and volcanoes, we found that it gave temperature anomalies and spatial patterns that were in fair agreement with the observations (Shindell et al, 2003).

«A fundamental new trend in atmospheric and ocean circulation patterns in the Pacific Northwest appears to have begun, scientists say, and apparently is expanding its scope beyond Oregon waters... This year for the first time, the effect of the low - oxygen zone is also being seen in coastal waters off Washington,»

In fact, Cane et al (1997) argue that the tendency toward increased SST gradient is precisely what is seen if one uses a robust trend analysis to decrease sensitivity of the trend analysis to outliers such as the very large 1982/1983 El Nino event (this event, and the equally large 1997/1998 El Nino event, greatly influence the estimate of a weakening trend of the Walker circulation in Vecchi et alIn fact, Cane et al (1997) argue that the tendency toward increased SST gradient is precisely what is seen if one uses a robust trend analysis to decrease sensitivity of the trend analysis to outliers such as the very large 1982/1983 El Nino event (this event, and the equally large 1997/1998 El Nino event, greatly influence the estimate of a weakening trend of the Walker circulation in Vecchi et alin Vecchi et al).

There is a trend in architecture to try and actively promote health and exercise; The New York Times Building has prominent, bright stairs for circulation; Tom Mayne's San Francisco Federal Building's elevators stop on every

As noted above, most earlier hindcasts of 20th century climate as well as current IPCC AR4 runs [Miller et al., 2006; Knutson et al., 2006] do not reproduce the observed trends over recent decades in the AO component of the circulation, and thus do not capture the intensification of warming trends that has been observed over Northern Europe and Asia.

The available data are insufficient to say if the changes in O2 are caused by natural variability or are trends that are likely to persist in the future, but they do indicate that large - scale changes in ocean physics influence natural biogeochemical cycles, and thus the cycles of O2 and CO2 are likely to undergo changes if ocean circulation changes persist in the future.

Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.

For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold season since 1950,1 with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased in number during the last century in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15 Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased in southern and some western areas, 16 increased in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier in the year and more precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing in frequency in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. in some years, with little snow in other years, are consistent with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remains an active research area.

Current work1 has provided evidence of the increase in frequency and intensity of winter storms, with the storm tracks shifting poleward, 2,3 but some areas have experienced a decrease in winter storm frequency.4 Although there are some indications of increased blocking (a large - scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere, 5 the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remain an active research area.6 Some recent research has provided insight into the connection of global warming to tornadoes and severe thunderstorms.7, 8

Romanski, J., and S. Hameed, 2015: The impact of trends in the large scale atmospheric circulation on Mediterranean surface turbulent heat fluxes.

Boreal winter - NINO's role in the wave's low - frequency component of the surface avg T (NHT) is slim and not similarly phased; although the anomaly trend of NINO (low - frequency component) coincides closely with NHT, as does the anomaly trend of winds related to Pacific circulations (among them, PDO).

Some scientists have sought comfort by noting that extrapolating trends in atmospheric CO2 show that the northern Gulf Stream circulation might not shut down for another 400 years.

The causes of the large trends in atmospheric circulation and summer SST are not known.»

Apart from such variations there are however also concerns about instability, notably a risk of a weakening trend in AMOC, which could affect the entire thermohaline circulation and for instance slow down [or theoretically stop] the Gulf Stream.

The observed heat and salinity trends are linked to changes in ocean circulation and other manifestations of global change such as oxygen and carbon system parameters (see Section 5.4).

Although the NAO is the dominant pattern of atmospheric circulation variability, accounting for about half of the total winter SLP variance on both interannual and multi-decadal time scales, other large - scale structures of internal circulation variability will also undoubtedly contribute to uncertainty in future climate trends.

These NAO - induced «book - ends» of future climate trends are very similar to those depicted in the individual simulations shown earlier (Fig. 1), but instead of case studies, they are based on the dominant structure of internal atmospheric circulation variability across all 40 ensemble members superimposed upon the forced response.

Was this change part of a trend that might lead to a major change in the Atlantic circulation, or due to natural variability that will reverse in the future, or is it an artifact of the limited observations?

These different SAT trends occur despite the fact that both simulations were subject to the identical radiative forcing and were conducted with the same model, highlighting the role of internal atmospheric circulation variability in any single model run.

The global warming trend or cooling trend in the air, initiated by the oceans, then leads on to all the variations in both circulations that seem to be causing so much puzzlement.

They concluded, «ocean pH does not simply reflect atmospheric CO2 trends but rather that circulation / biogeochemical changes account for > 90 % of pH variability in the Sargasso Sea and more variability in the last century than would be predicted from anthropogenic uptake of CO2 alone.»