Blocking was a significant phenomenon in the weather patterns as
the Circumpolar flow changed from Zonal to Meridional in 2013 - 14.
Not exact matches
Possibilities include impacts on
circumpolar circulation, which would impact moisture
flowing over the continent from the north, and the Bermuda High, which would impact moisture
flowing over the continent from the south.
The largest ocean current by
flow volume is the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current, which averages a stunning 34.3 billion gallons per second.
The ice shelf around Pine Island Glacier is currently thinning, and it is warmed from below by
Circumpolar Deep Water that
flows onto the continental shelf22, 23.
Around the Antarctic Peninsula, changes in ocean currents, and in particular, changes in
circumpolar deep water
flowing onto the continental shelf, is melting ice shelves from below.
The imprint of SAM variability on the Southern Ocean system is observed as a coherent sea level response around Antarctica (Aoki, 2002; Hughes et al., 2003) and by its regulation of Antarctic
Circumpolar Current
flow through the Drake Passage (Meredith et al., 2004).
Coupling from the Antarctic
Circumpolar Vortex to the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current,
flow through the Drake Passage, and Eckmann transport driving the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Current would all be changed — see http://climate.gmu.edu/research/drake.php, especially Figure 4.
MD wave fades moving deeper into SH due to lack of land mass & land impediment to antarctic
circumpolar (southern ocean)
flow --(need midlatitude zonal land - sea contrast for meridional deflection of westerlies = differential land - sea equator - pole column - integrated - temperature gradient response to solar forcing, easily measured using a simple wavelet tachometer, which detects externally governed universal constraint)
The resulting Common Water, also called Antarctic
Circumpolar water,
flows northward at depth into the three ocean basins (primarily the Pacific and Indian Oceans).
The remaining will
flow south on the EAC Extension until it reaches the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current.
The clues found in sediments deposited during the late Holocene suggest that an ocean current that circles the southern polar region, known as
Circumpolar Deep Water,
flowed underneath the Cosgrove Ice Shelf and melted it.
This
circumpolar deep water, which is relatively warm and salty compared to other parts of the Southern Ocean, has warmed and shoaled in recent decades, and can melt ice at the base of glaciers which reduces friction and allows them to
flow more freely.
This is important because climate change is reflected most in these latitudes as the
Circumpolar vortex shifts between Zonal and Meridional
flow and the amplitude of the Rossby Waves vary.
«Within the Antarctic Convergence zone, the cold, dense surface waters of the
circumpolar ocean sink and
flow northward, thus creating a major meridional circulation system.»
Among these boundary currents are the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio (off Japan), which rank next in volume of water
flow to the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current.
This water, which is called Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), mixes with NADW to form
Circumpolar Deep Water and
flows into the Pacific and Indian oceans (purple lines in above figure).