Sentences with phrase «clade as»

For example, Judd et al. (2002) continue to use Caryophyllales in a narrow sense (= core Caryophyllales in APG and APG II) and refer to the larger, more inclusive clade as the caryophyllid clade.

HPAI A (H5N8) viruses cluster in the same haemagglutinin (HA) clade as A (H5N1) viruses from Asia and A (H5N6)-- which has caused severe disease in humans in China — so the possibility of transmission from birds to humans can not be completely ruled out.

This reveals a greater ecological diversity in an early mammaliaform clade at a more fundamental taxonomic level not only between major clades as previously thought.

Not exact matches

However, what is more likely is that Coutinho will start of the left of the front attacking three with Emre Can filling in the midfield role, ahead of fresh signing Alex Clade - Chamberlain who will be used more as a utility player than anything else in Europe.

Barrister Solomon Dalong outfit is much more like that of a comrade as he wears a red beret and claded in a «Khaki» like clothing.

Pterosaurs, «winged lizards,» often referred to as «pterodactyls» were flying reptiles of the clade Pterosauria.

The inclusion of Decennatherium in the sivathere - samothere clade would extend its timespan back to the early late Miocene and its range as far as the Iberian peninsula, making the clade one of the most successful and long - lived of all the giraffids.

Speciation had taken place four times as fast in clades where females mated with many males, his team reports in the 12 September Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

With this technique, known as sister - clade comparision, evolutionary scientists look at groups of species that have common ancestry and age, known as sister clades, comparing the number of species with a particular behavior to the number without.

Within Neoaves, they proposed several large new clades, including a waterbird clade containing taxa such as penguins, pelicans, and loons, as well as a landbird clade containing woodpeckers, birds of prey, parrots, and songbirds.

Within Passerea, the TENT strongly confirmed the monophyly of two large closely related clades that we refer to as core landbirds (Telluraves) and core waterbirds (Aequornithia)(8, 16, 17, 27, 36, 59); we use the term «core» instead of «higher» to prevent interpretation that these groups are more advanced or more recently evolved than other birds.

Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades.

Using mutation rates as a molecular clock, the authors determined that the ancestor of clade A jumped from a bovine host to humans between 1894 and 1977 and clade B made the jump between 1938 and 1966.

In combination with an age of 315 ± 34 thousand years (as determined by thermoluminescence dating) 3, this evidence makes Jebel Irhoud the oldest and richest African Middle Stone Age hominin site that documents early stages of the H. sapiens clade in which key features of modern morphology were established.

GL VHH binding to (A) clade B immunogen R2 gp140 and (B) clade C immunogen 96ZM9651.02 gp140 was assessed by ELISA as per the materials and methods.

Clade B recombinant Nef protein, expressed as a His - tag fusion protein in E. coli using expression vector pET24 and purified using Ni - agarose columns.

Clade C recombinant p17 / 24 - B protein, expressed as His - tag fusion protein in E.coli using expression vector pET24 and purified using Talon Superflow metal affinity resin.

Clade B recombinant p17 / 24 - B protein is expressed as His - tag fusion protein in E.coli using expression vector pET24 and purified using Talon Superflow metal affinity resin.

In the short term, corals with flexible symbioses may shuffle or switch zooxanthellae; and an increase in the abundance of thermally tolerant zooxanthellae strains (such as those of clade D) is expected with an increasing frequency of bleaching conditions.

Clade C recombinant nef protein, expressed as His - tag fusion protein in E. coli using expression vector pET24 and purified using Ni - agarose columns.

These results demonstrate the magnitude of trade - offs likely to be experienced by this species as they acclimatize to warmer conditions by changing to more thermally tolerant clade D zooxanthellae.

Clade A recombinant nef - protein, expressed as His - tag fusion protein in E. Coli using expression vector pET24 and purified using Ni - agarose columns

bilaterians: A clade of animals whode members share: bilateral symmetry, are triploblastic (three tissue layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm), and with HOX genes in one or more clusters with the genes within a cluster arranged in the same order as the body parts they affect.

Applying these strictures to modern animals is fairly straightforward, since these two characteristics are restricted only to members of the clade Ruminantia, which is the subgroup of even - toed hoofed mammals that includes the cattle, goats, sheep, antelopes, deer, pronghorn, mouse deer, giraffe (Zivotofsky 2000) and okapi (a clade is a taxonomic group whose members share a common ancestry; in this case it does not have a formal associated Linnaean level, such as family or order).

Meredith et al.'s [22] younger dates for these clades may reflect the difficulties of timetree analyses for clades such as Mammalia that include taxa with a wide range of life history characters (e.g., baleen whales versus muroid rodents) and a correspondingly wide range of molecular evolutionary rates.

Our analyses support the grouping of placozoans, cnidarians and bilaterians into a eumetazoan clade, with demosponges as an earlier - branching lineage25, and reject the diploblast — triploblast phylogeny17 in favour of a more conventional «sponges first» tree19, 20 (Fig. 1d).

In our discussion below we therefore refer to descendants of the placozoan — cnidarian — bilaterian last common ancestor as Eumetazoa, and reserve «Eumetazoa sensu stricto» for the more limited clade defined by descendants of the cnidarian — bilaterian ancestor.

Because the polyT repeat is reported as the key variant to define TOMM40 clades A and B, 12 we used this marker and APOE isoform information to perform analyses based on phylogenetic groups as described by Roses et al. 12 Haplotype phase was estimated using PHASE software.22 The phylogeny, which represents the evolutionary relatedness of the haploytpes, was estimated using neighbor - joining with 10 000 bootstrapping replicates in the CLC DNA workbench (CLC bio, Aarhus, Denmark)(Supplemental Figure 3; http://neuroscienceresearch.wustl.edu/Pages/cruchaga2011.aspx).

We identified species not known to be associated with thermally tolerant algal Symbiodinium symbionts from clades D, C1 and C15, as well as those not known to be able to change or «shuffle» clades and / or types over time.

Intriguingly, this clade also comprised epidemiologically unrelated isolate sequences from the UK and Denmark dating back as early as 2011.

These effects are observed across the entire mammalian clade and are robust to potential confounders, such as the gene expression level.

Haplogroup P2b was identified as a novel clade potentially restricted to Torres Strait Islanders.

These dynamics are the basis for models that predict the evolution of clade frequencies, as well as broad genetic and phenotypic changes.

«Our study highlights how, despite decades of paleontology research, new fossil discoveries and new ways of analyzing those fossils can still fundamentally impact how we view something as central to us as the evolution of our own clade, mammals,» Dr. Wilson said.

For example, Bayesian branch - support values as used by Murphy et al. [2] should not be interpreted as probabilities that a tree - topology is correct and are known to overestimate the degree of clade support [14].

SARSr - CoVs detected in southeastern, central and northern provinces, such as Hong Kong, Hubei and Shaanxi, formed the other clade which was phylogenetically distant to human and civet SARS - CoVs (Fig 6 and S6 Fig).

It is the largest member of the clade Pinnipedia and the order Carnivora, as well as the largest marine mammal that is not a cetacean.

[13][14] But other recent studies place gray whales as being outside the rorqual clade, but as the closest relatives to the rorquals.

Our divergence date estimates for the island fox clade itself, ~ 9200 years ago, as Santarosae separated into four distinct islands and for the southern island fox lineage, ~ 7100 years ago, correspond well with the earliest AMS dated island fox bones (~ 7100 cal BP for northern and ~ 5640 cal BP for the southern islands).

Glacial climatic fluctuations caused habitat changes, including the appearance of continental ice sheets as far south as Washington State [37], that may have caused range shifts in locally adapted gray fox populations, with foxes with clade B haplotypes existing as far south as southern California.

As the climate warmed during the Holocene, and suitable habitat expanded northward, gray fox population ranges shifted further north resulting in foxes with clade A haplotypes distributed as far north as Shasta County in northern California (Fig. 1As the climate warmed during the Holocene, and suitable habitat expanded northward, gray fox population ranges shifted further north resulting in foxes with clade A haplotypes distributed as far north as Shasta County in northern California (Fig. 1as far north as Shasta County in northern California (Fig. 1as Shasta County in northern California (Fig. 1).

The other lineage (known as Euphyllophyta) includes two major clades: the spermatophytes or seed plants (including more than 250,000 species of angiosperms [flowering plants], conifers, cycads, gnetophytes, and the Gingko) and the monilophytes or ferns (sensu lato, including the horsetails, whisk ferns, and eusporangiate and leptosporangiate ferns, with most of the roughly 12,000 monilophyte species being leptosporangiate ferns).

Symbionts «types» are characterized first by their genetic lineages known as clades.

To draw together our current understanding of wood function, we identify and collate data on the major wood functional traits, including the largest wood density database to date (8412 taxa), mechanical strength measures and anatomical features, as well as clade - specific features such as secondary chemistry.

They have alternatively been considered to be close relatives of rosids, asterids, or Santalales and are best regarded at this time simply as one of the major clades of core eudicots (e.g., D. Soltis et al. 2000).

The clade including these three groups is known as Paenungulata and Paenungulata together with sengis (elephant shrews), aardvarks, tenrecs, and golden moles comprise Afrotheria.