Columbia University virologist Ian Lipkin praises the Wellcome group's work for combining the genetic analysis with «
classical gumshoe epidemiology,» but isn't convinced by the authors» bottom line.
Long before the Noir period started, sound on film ushered in several great series of detective movie series where the lead was usually a bright crime solver, but the
gumshoe, gritty detective was not far behind and Noir kicked in just in time for that kind of investigator as the
classical detectives (Charlie Cahn, Mr. Moto, Sherlock Holmes, The Thin Man) were on a roll that even defied studio expectations.