Among the findings: (1) art activities can be integrated into
classroom content and used to encourage rehearsal - type activities (such as songs) that incorporate relevant subject matter, (2) incorporating information into story, poem, song, or art form may place the knowledge
in context, which can help students remember it, especially if the students are creating art that relates subject matter to themselves, (3) through artistic activities like writing a story or creating a drawing, students generate information they might otherwise have simply read, which will very likely lead to better long -
term retention
of that information, (4) physically acting out material, such as
in a play, helps learners recall information, (5) speaking words aloud results
in better retention than reading words
in silence, (6) increasing the amount
of effort involved
in learning new information (such as being asked to discern meaning from an ambiguous sentence or to interpret a work
of art) is positively associated with its retention, (7) emotionally charged
content is easier to remember than
content linked to events that are emotionally neutral, and (8) information presented as pictures is retained better than the same information presented as words.
Why, for example, should learning the letters and sounds
of the word «BOO»
in a pre-K
classroom produce long -
term effects on reading scores if a child transitions into a kindergarten
classroom that has no academic
content and moves from there into an elementary school that does not use systematic instruction
in phonics?
Teacher preparation programs can do some
of these things both
in terms of instilling pedagogical and
content knowledge, but again, it takes actual
classroom practice and strong mentoring to make a really great teacher.
In other words, the constant repetition
of the regular
classroom, so necessary for mastery among the general population, is actually detrimental to long
term storage and retrieval
of technical
content of gifted students.
This guide is intended for elementary
classroom teachers to use
in developing their arts lessons and units
of study
in terms of learner outcomes and achievement using the visual and performing arts
content standards.
Therefore, giving teachers choice and more options
in PD,
in terms of both
content (what teachers learn during PD) and format (how PD is delivered), is more likely to support teachers» use
of technology
in classrooms effectively.