Not exact matches
Technologies from Westport Innovations Inc. allow engines to operate on
clean - burning fuels such as compressed natural
gas (CNG), liquefied natural
gas (LNG),
hydrogen and biofuels such as landfill
gas.
«It wouldn't be a great strategy for natural
gas people to hope and wait for
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in order to make a mutual strategy,» said Nicholas Lutsey, program director at the International Council on
Clean Transportation.
However, unlike the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels — which emit greenhouse
gases (carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere and pollute the environment — the product of
hydrogen combustion is
clean water.
This seemingly esoteric stunt may have a very practical payoff: it could provide the means to safely store
clean - burning
hydrogen gas in a new generation of nonpolluting vehicles.
For the first time, researchers have sustainably produced
hydrogen gas, a potential source of
clean energy, using only water and bacteria.
Chandler said the work could provide a way to produce
clean hydrogen from petroleum and natural
gas.
That
hydrogen can be stored and converted into renewable electricity, or used as a
clean alternative to natural
gas to heat and light buildings.
Achieving fusion — nuclear reactions that have the potential to produce copious,
clean energy — requires heating
hydrogen fuel to more than 100 million degrees Celsius, causing it to become an ionized
gas or plasma.
It will focus on catalyst development for four applications: proton exchange membrane fuel cells to convert stored energy in non-fossil fuels into electricity; electrolysers for splitting water into oxygen and
hydrogen — a potential
clean fuel cell source; syngas, a mixture of CO and H2, which is generated from coal,
gas and biomass, and widely used as a key intermediate in the chemical industry; and lithium - air batteries.
Her work with micro-organisms to couple sunlight and seawater to produce
hydrogen and oxygen may pave the way to replace oil and
gas with new
clean - burning fuels.
Just as a heavy smoker at the risk of lung cancer needs to stop smoking, the best solution for the current climate crisis is to stop using the atmosphere as an open sewer for carbon
gases... resorting instead to the abundant
clean energy resources technology now masters — solar voltaic, solar thermal, solar (space) reflectors, geothermal energy.hot rocks, wind, tides,
hydrogen — the list goes on.
1 Executive Summary 2 Scope of the Report 3 The Case for
Hydrogen 3.1 The Drive for
Clean Energy 3.2 The Uniqueness of
Hydrogen 3.3
Hydrogen's Safety Record 4
Hydrogen Fuel Cells 4.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell 4.2 Fuel Cells and Batteries 4.3 Fuel Cell Systems Durability 4.4 Fuel Cell Vehicles 5
Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure 5.1
Hydrogen Station Hardware 5.2
Hydrogen Compression and Storage 5.3
Hydrogen Fueling 5.4
Hydrogen Station Capacity 6
Hydrogen Fueling Station Types 6.1 Retail vs. Non-Retail Stations 6.1.1 Retail
Hydrogen Stations 6.1.2 Non-Retail
Hydrogen Stations 6.2 Mobile
Hydrogen Stations 6.2.1 Honda's Smart
Hydrogen Station 6.2.2 Nel
Hydrogen's RotoLyzer 6.2.3 Others 7
Hydrogen Fueling Protocols 7.1 SAE J2601 7.2 Related Standards 7.3 Fueling Protocols vs. Vehicle Charging 7.4 SAE J2601 vs. SAE J1772 7.5 Ionic Compression 8
Hydrogen Station Rollout Strategy 8.1 Traditional Approaches 8.2 Current Approach 8.3 Factors Impacting Rollouts 8.4 Production and Distribution Scenarios 8.5 Reliability Issues 9 Sources of
Hydrogen 9.1 Fossil Fuels 9.2 Renewable Sources 10 Methods of
Hydrogen Production 10.1 Production from Non-Renewable Sources 10.1.1 Steam Reforming of Natural
Gas 10.1.2 Coal Gasification 10.2 Production from Renewable Sources 10.2.1 Electrolysis 10.2.2 Biomass Gasification 11
Hydrogen Production Scenarios 11.1 Centralized
Hydrogen Production 11.2 On - Site
Hydrogen Production 11.2.1 On - site Electrolysis 11.2.2 On - Site Steam Methane Reforming 12
Hydrogen Delivery 12.1
Hydrogen Tube Trailers 12.2 Tanker Trucks 12.3 Pipeline Delivery 12.4 Railcars and Barges 13
Hydrogen Stations Cost Factors 13.1 Capital Expenditures 13.2 Operating Expenditures 14
Hydrogen Station Deployments 14.1 Asia - Pacific 14.1.1 Japan 14.1.2 Korea 14.1.3 China 14.1.4 Rest of Asia - Pacific 14.2 Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) 14.2.1 Germany 14.2.2 The U.K. 14.2.3 Nordic Region 14.2.4 Rest of EMEA 14.3 Americas 14.3.1 U.S. West Coast 14.3.2 U.S. East Coast 14.3.3 Canada 14.3.4 Latin America 15 Selected Vendors 15.1 Air Liquide 15.2 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 15.3 Ballard Power Systems 15.4 FirstElement Fuel Inc. 15.5 FuelCell Energy, Inc. 15.6 Hydrogenics Corporation 15.7 The Linde Group 15.8 Nel
Hydrogen 15.9 Nuvera Fuel Cells 15.10 Praxair 15.11 Proton OnSite / SunHydro 15.11.1 Proton Onsite 15.11.2 SunHydro 16 Market Forecasts 16.1 Overview 16.2 Global
Hydrogen Station Market 16.2.1
Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.2.2
Hydrogen Stations Capacity 16.2.3
Hydrogen Station Costs 16.3 Asia - Pacific
Hydrogen Station Market 16.3.1
Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.3.2
Hydrogen Stations Capacity 16.3.3
Hydrogen Station Costs 16.4 Europe, Middle East and Africa 16.4.1
Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.4.2
Hydrogen Station Capacity 16.4.3
Hydrogen Station Costs 16.5 Americas 16.5.1
Hydrogen Station Deployments 16.5.2
Hydrogen Station Capacity 16.5.3
Hydrogen Station Costs 17 Conclusions 17.1
Hydrogen as a Fuel 17.2 Rollout of Fuel Cell Vehicles 17.3
Hydrogen Station Deployments 17.4 Funding Requirements 17.5 Customer Experience 17.6 Other Findings
gasworld (US Edition) gets to grips with the latest trends in the rapidly evolving energy sector this July and explores what these mean for those in the US
gases industry — from best practices and rules and regulations around
hydrogen production, to the
clean energy strategies of the majors and...
The problem remains that using «renewable» energy for
hydrogen production means that unless there is really a surplus of
clean power for the entire grid, taking renewable power off the grid for
hydrogen production means replacing it with other power and that is often natural
gas or co...
Our four friends are aware that
hydrogen isn't perfect, but they cite the
cleaner sources of
hydrogen, such as a Fountain Valley, Calif., sewage treatment plant that takes its methane
gas and extracts the
hydrogen from it.
Fossil Fuel is a generic term that isn't quite correct Natural Gasoline is a distilled derivative of oil but almost all ofit is manufactured from cracked and recombined oil derivativeswhile natural gasoline is further refined intoPropane, butane, Proproline (a plastics feed stock), and Natural gasand also separates out sulfur (for fertilizer and explosives) Gasoline can be made from coal («Coaline») or from organic matter («Bio-fuel») but uses a few of oil based feed stocks instead tomake «Sythiline» (artificial gasoline) This gasoline is actually
cleaner burning then natural
gas with allit's «flare offs» (butane, propane, propoline, sulfur) used in theearly 19th century because it is manufactured only with essentialHydrocarbons Diesel fuel is also becoming more and more Manufactured instead ofdistilled as demand for it rises but improvements in Hydro cleaningis allowing for diesel with no volatile chemicals like sulfur andmercury (taken out for petro - chemical feedstock to make fertilizerand thermometers) In both cases what you have is pure hydro - carbons, a carbon atomwith
hydrogen atoms attached to it In the case of gasoline there is CH1, cH7, CH11 When in a combustion engine the gasoline is sprayed into the pistonafter being mixed with air and the drive of the engine compressesthe the chamber filled with the gasoline mist until it's full downstoke then the spark plug causes the Exothermic reaction... which isthe conversion of the potential energy in the gasoline mist to heatand force, with the force side of that equation shooting the pistonupward and the top of the stroke kicking what's left of thecaramelized gasoline mist out into the Emission control box If the Emulsion control box wasn't there to filter out the burntgasoline particles, any potential additives and volatile chemicalsthen the caramelized gunk hitting air would create CARBON MONOXIDEin the cooler then the heat of the engine difference CARBON MONOXIDE can also become a problem if the Emissions controlBox filter, air filters or muffler filters is worn or damaged.
The best way to do this, in my opinion, is using a fuel cell — a device that can electrochemically convert natural
gas into a useable fuel by stripping off the
hydrogen portion of the methane molecule and combining it with oxygen to generate
clean electricity and some waste heat.
This market would allow Ontario businesses and residents to access surplus
clean power at the wholesale market price of less than two cents per kilowatt - hour (KWh), which could displace the use of fossil fuels by using things like dual fuel (
gas and electric) water heaters, and by producing emission - free
hydrogen fuel.
After the trash is
cleaned of hazardous and recyclable materials, it will be combusted in a low - oxygen environment that produces a synthesis
gas of
hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a process known as gasification:
The most common drawback of
hydrogen fuel cells for many applications is that most commercially - available
hydrogen is produced from natural
gas, in which case
hydrogen may not be the best green and
clean energy source for transportation.
This is achieved by effectively splitting liquid water to extract
hydrogen gas, a
clean fuel that can has industrial applications.