Sentences with phrase «climate feedback processes»

Although it is reported that there are some relationships between the present states of cloud (e.g. Williams and Webb 2008, Yokohata et al. 2010) or water vapour (Sherwood et al. 2010) and climate feedback processes, it is not straightforward to relate the reliability of the present behavior and the climate sensitivity as discussed in Sect. 2.3.

I have devoted 30 years to conducting research on topics including climate feedback processes in the Arctic, energy exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, the role of clouds and aerosols in the climate system, and the impact of climate change on the characteristics of tropical cyclones.

Zhang, M.H., R.D. Cess, J.J. Hack, and J.T. Kiehl, 1994: Diagnostic study of climate feedback processed in atmospheric general circulation models.

Not exact matches

«The various processes and feedbacks between the physical forcing factors in the climate system are under active investigation by a whole community of climate scientists,» he says.

Some of these feedback processes are poorly understood — like how climate change affects clouds — and many are difficult to model, therefore the climate's propensity to amplify any small change makes predicting how much and how fast the climate will change inherently difficult.

feedback (in climate science) A process or combination of processes that propel or exaggerate a change in some direction.

If you're growing impatient for model - bashing, no fear; there's a whole chapter for you (Chapter 4: «Climate Models are Not Reliable»), which offers up the usual mix of straw man descriptions of how climate models actually work, and red herrings about supposedly missing feedbacks and proClimate Models are Not Reliable»), which offers up the usual mix of straw man descriptions of how climate models actually work, and red herrings about supposedly missing feedbacks and proclimate models actually work, and red herrings about supposedly missing feedbacks and processes.

Chemistry and climate: Atmospheric composition plays an integral role in the climate system, with feedbacks on both dynamical and radiative processes throughout the atmosphere.

development of two - way coupling between WRF and CCSM to represent the upscaled effects of climate hot spots such as the Maritime Continent, the subtropical eastern boundary regime, and the monsoon regions where global climate models fail to simulate the complex processes due to feedback and scale interactions.

The unit studies the processes, coupling and feedbacks which affect the climate system, and the past, present and future state of the climate.

Stocker, T.F., et al., 2001: Physical climate processes and feedbacks.

A 2008 study led by James Hansen found that climate sensitivity to «fast feedback processes» is 3 °C, but when accounting for longer - term feedbacks (such as ice sheet disintegration, vegetation migration, and greenhouse gas release from soils, tundra or ocean), if atmospheric CO2 remains at the doubled level, the sensitivity increases to 6 °C based on paleoclimatic (historical climate) data.

Note that the observational approach needs to assume a constant climate sensitivity between different states, whereas perturbed physics ensembles don't (though you still need to understand what feedback processes are important between different climate states to have confidence in the results).

The analysis of processes contributing to climate feedbacks in models and recent studies based on large ensembles of models suggest that in the future it may be possible to use observations to narrow the current spread in model projections of climate change.

Absent understanding of cloud feedback processes, the best you can really do is mesh it into the definition of the emergent climate sensitivity, but I think probing (at least some of) the uncertainties in effects like this is one of the whole points of these ensemble - based studies.

Wallace S. Broecker: Preface 1: Jean - Pierre Gattuso and Lina Hansson: Ocean Acidification: Background and History 2: Richard E. Zeebe and Andy Ridgwell: Past Changes of Ocean Carbonate Chemistry 3: James C. Orr: Recent and Future Changes in Ocean Carbonate Chemistry 4: Andrew H. Knoll and Woodward W. Fischer: Skeletons and Ocean Chemistry: The Long View 5: Markus G. Weinbauer, Xavier Mari, and Jean - Pierre Gattuso: Effect of Ocean Acidification on the Diversity and Activity of Heterotrophic Marine Microorganisms 6: Ulf Riebesell and Philippe D. Tortell: Effects of Ocean Acidification on Pelagic Organisms and Ecosystems 7: Andreas J. Andersson, Fred T. Mackenzie, and Jean - Pierre Gattuso: Effects of Ocean Acidification on Benthic Processes, Organisms, and Ecosystems 8: Hans - Otto Pörtner, Magda Gutowska, Atsushi Ishimatsu, Magnus Lucassen, Frank Melzner, and Brad Seibel: Effects of Ocean Acidification on Nektonic Organisms 9: Stephen Widdicombe, John I. Spicer, and Vassilis Kitidis: Effects of Ocean Acidification on Sediment Fauna 10: James P. Barry, Stephen Widdicombe, and Jason M. Hall - Spencer: Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function 11: Frances Hopkins, Philip Nightingale, and Peter Liss: Effects of Ocean Acidification on the Marine Source of Atmospherically - Active Trace Gases 12: Marion Gehlen, Nicolas Gruber, Reidun Gangstø, Laurent Bopp, and Andreas Oschlies: Biogeochemical Consequences of Ocean Acidification and Feedback to the Earth System 13: Carol Turley and Kelvin Boot: The Ocean Acidification Challenges Facing Science and Society 14: Fortunat Joos, Thomas L. Frölicher, Marco Steinacher, and Gian - Kasper Plattner: Impact of Climate Change Mitigation on Ocean Acidification Projections 15: Jean - Pierre Gattuso, Jelle Bijma, Marion Gehlen, Ulf Riebesell, and Carol Turley: Ocean Acidification: Knowns, Unknowns, and Perspectives Index

Paleoclimate data also provide quantitative information about how nominally slow feedback processes amplify climate sensitivity [51]--[52], [54]--[56], which also is important to our analyses.

The long lifetime of the fossil fuel carbon in the climate system and the persistence of ocean warming for millennia [201] provide sufficient time for the climate system to achieve full response to the fast feedback processes included in the 3 °C climate sensitivity.

http://arxiv.org/pdf/0804.1126 «Paleoclimate data show that climate sensitivity is 3 °C for doubled CO2, including only fast feedback processes.

I am unconvinced that the presence of feedback mechanisms will render climate change a self - limiting process — more heat, more water vapor / clouds, less sunlight ultimately abosrbed, etc..

This empirical climate sensitivity corresponds to the Charney (1979) definition of climate sensitivity, in which «fast feedback» processes are allowed to operate, but long - lived atmospheric gases, ice sheet area, land area and vegetation cover are fixed forcings.

James - regarding your comment # 8, I completely agree with you that we need to apply models to better understand climate system processes in response to the spectrum of natural - and human - climate forcings and feedbacks.

Maybe inclusion of CH4 and a sufficient climate sensitivity from the other feedbacks would make it runaway for some part (maybe not all) of the process.

I'm not sure whether statistical trend models would be sufficient, and in order to examine the «residuals» (the data after the trends have been removed), one really needs to use a fully - flegded climate model with all important forcings and feedback processes accounted for.

The function of the DNA was not to produce proteins or regulate or translate them, but rather the nucleotide function was simply to provide an electrical feedback to convection processes that occur w / cirrus clouds that can trap heat, compress air and cause rain over ambient, lifeless winds and climate inputs.

Once the ice reaches the equator, the equilibrium climate is significantly colder than what would initiate melting at the equator, but if CO2 from geologic emissions build up (they would, but very slowly — geochemical processes provide a negative feedback by changing atmospheric CO2 in response to climate changes, but this is generally very slow, and thus can not prevent faster changes from faster external forcings) enough, it can initiate melting — what happens then is a runaway in the opposite direction (until the ice is completely gone — the extreme warmth and CO2 amount at that point, combined with left - over glacial debris available for chemical weathering, will draw CO2 out of the atmosphere, possibly allowing some ice to return).

But it should be pointed out that there is a climate - style amplifying feedback process, in which a funding agency, a university and researchers highlight the most newsworthy aspect of a new study — even if it's tentative — and that baton is passed to journalists eagerly sifting for «the front - page thought.»

It is standard practice to include only the fast feedback processes, including changes in water vapour, in the calculation of climate sensitivity, but to exclude possible induced changes in the concentrations of other greenhouse gases (as well as other slow feedback processes).

It is not that the polar regions are amplifying the warming «going on» at lower latitudes, it is that any warming going on AT THE POLES is amplified through inherent positive feedback processes AT THE POLES, and specifically this is primarily the ice - albedo positive feedback process whereby more open water leads to more warming leads to more open water, etc. *** «Climate model simulations have shown that ice albedo feedbacks associated with variations in snow and sea - ice coverage are a key factor in positive feedback mechanisms which amplify climate change at high northern latitudes...Climate model simulations have shown that ice albedo feedbacks associated with variations in snow and sea - ice coverage are a key factor in positive feedback mechanisms which amplify climate change at high northern latitudes...climate change at high northern latitudes...»

Section 8.6 discusses the various feedbacks that operate in the atmosphere - land surface - sea ice system to determine climate sensitivity, and Section 8.3.2 discusses some processes that are important for ocean heat uptake (and hence transient climate response).

At each step toward longer time - scales, the climate system integrates the more fine - scaled processes and applies feedbacks onto the terrestrial biome.

Disputes within climate science concern the nature and magnitude of feedback processes involving clouds and water vapor, uncertainties about the rate at which the oceans take up heat and carbon dioxide, the effects of air pollution, and the nature and importance of climate change effects such as rising sea level, increasing acidity of the ocean, and the incidence of weather hazards such as floods, droughts, storms, and heat waves.

• Representation of climate processes in models, especially feedbacks associated with clouds, oceans, sea ice and vegetation, in order to improve projections of rates and regional patterns of climate change.

Explore the sensitivity of the climate system to atmospheric chemical composition with emphasis on connections to biosphereic processes and feedbacks

Climate variability, feedback processes, paleoclimates, and climateClimate variability, feedback processes, paleoclimates, and climateclimate change

The goal is a more explicit treatment of the processes that mediate low cloud - climate feedback, one of the largest uncertainties in modern climate science.

The modeling and experimentation suggests that pumping CO2 into the atmosphere will have a warming effect, though how CO2 interacts with the various climate regulatory and feedback processes is extremely complicated and there's a great deal of work to do.

American Geophysical Union, pp. 130 - 163 [Abstract] 2 Bony, S., et al., 2006: How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes?

As for rapidity of climate change, Dr. Wadhams says that the situation is already getting very serious, and brand new feedback processes are coming into play.

These data are used to research atmospheric radiation balance, cloud feedback processes, and to initialize and evaluate model performance, which are critical to the understanding of global climate change.

Falagas, Matthew, 134 Falck Renewable Resources, 164 Famines, 32 Feedback, positive, 86 - 88 Feed - in tariff, 20, 176, 187, 214, 216 - 217, 220 Fertility rates, 32 Feynman, Richard, 71 Finland, 134 Fischer, Hubertus, 80 Fischer - Tropisch process, 229 - 230 Flaherty, Harry, 137 Flannery, Tim, 8, 10 Flavin, Christopher, 188 Flood, 52, 68, 101, 113 - 116, 124, 133, 144 Florida State University, 118 Fluorescent lights, 1, 17, 25, 45 Folland, Chris, 111, 159 - 160, 162 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 206 Food prices, 206 - 208, 210 Forcing, 9, 56, 92, 121 Ford, Henry, 211 Ford Motor Corporation, 14 Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), 16, 36, 241 - 242 France, 23, 43, 134, 187, 225 - 226 Free market, 33 Friedman, Milton, 215 Friends of the Earth, 40, 209 Frondel, Manuel, 218 Frost Fair, London, 57 Fukushima incident, 217

Better characterization of the physical processes (including feedbacks) in the present coupled - global land surface climate models will certainly prove beneficial in stipulating future - projection scenarios and outcome.

It is quite possible that there are processes and feedbacks that all models miss, and the probability of that being the case may not be all that small, given, for example, the rudimentary state of modeling clouds and their climate feedback.

Richard Lindzen, atmospheric physicist, MIT professor emeritus, and lead author of the «Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks» chapter of the 2001 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, attributes climate hype to politics, money, and propClimate Processes and Feedbacks» chapter of the 2001 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, attributes climate hype to politics, money, and propClimate Change report, attributes climate hype to politics, money, and propclimate hype to politics, money, and propaganda.

As others have noted, the IPCC Team has gone absolutely feral about Salby's research and the most recent paper by Dr Roy Spencer, at the University of Alabama (On the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance), for one simple reason: both are based on empirical, undoctored satellite observations, which, depending on the measure required, now extend into the past by up to 32 years, i.e. long enough to begin evaluating real climate trends; whereas much of the Team's science in AR4 (2007) is based on primitive climate models generated from primitive and potentially unreliable land measurements and proxies, which have been «filtered» to achieve certain artificial realities (There are other more scathing descriptions of this process I won't use).

Even in the unlikely event that we were to stop all emissions in the near future, this permafrost climate feedback would likely continue as a self - sustaining process, cancelling out any future natural draw - down in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels by the oceans or vegetation.

The warm early - Holocene climate around Svalbard was driven primarily by higher insolation and greater influx of warm Atlantic Water, but feedback processes further influenced the regional climate.»

Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks Lead Authors R.S. Lindzen Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA also his good friend K.E. Trenberth National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA and one of his Contributing Authors: M.E. Mann University of Virginia, USA

There are, however, caveats: (1) multidecadal fluctuations in Arctic — subarctic climate and sea ice appear most pronounced in the Atlantic sector, such that the pan-Arctic signal may be substantially smaller [e.g., Polyakov et al., 2003; Mahajan et al., 2011]; (2) the sea - ice records synthesized here represent primarily the cold season (winter — spring), whereas the satellite record clearly shows losses primarily in summer, suggesting that other processes and feedback are important; (3) observations show that while recent sea - ice losses in winter are most pronounced in the Greenland and Barents Seas, the largest reductions in summer are remote from the Atlantic, e.g., Beaufort, Chukchi, and Siberian seas (National Snow and Ice Data Center, 2012, http://nsidc.org/Arcticseaicenews/); and (4) the recent reductions in sea ice should not be considered merely the latest in a sequence of AMOrelated multidecadal fluctuations but rather the first one to be superposed upon an anthropogenic GHG warming background signal that is emerging strongly in the Arctic [Kaufmann et al., 2009; Serreze et al., 2009].

AGW climate scientists seem to ignore that while the earth's surface may be warming, our atmosphere above 10,000 ft. above MSL is a refrigerator that can take water vapor scavenged from the vast oceans on earth (which are also a formidable heat sink), lift it to cold zones in the atmosphere by convective physical processes, chill it (removing vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) or freeze it, (removing even more vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) drop it on land and oceans as rain, sleet or snow, moisturizing and cooling the soil, cooling the oceans and building polar ice caps and even more importantly, increasing the albedo of the earth, with a critical negative feedback determining how much of the sun's energy is reflected back into space, changing the moment of inertia of the earth by removing water mass from equatorial latitudes and transporting this water vapor mass to the poles, reducing the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and speeding up its spin rate, etc..