We used both the continuous measures that directly indicate physiological functioning and categorical measures based on
clinical cut points that indicate the corresponding disease outcomes including inflammation, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and obesity.
Compared with US externalising T score norms for 1 - 5 year olds (mean 50 (SD 10); 10 % above
clinical cut point), our sample of toddlers had slightly lower externalising problems at 18 months (mean 49.0 (SD 8.9); 4.5 % above
clinical cut point) and 24 months (49.5 (9.4); 6 %).
United States population norms for children's externalising and internalising problems (1 — 5 years combined) have a T - score mean (SD) of 50 (10), with 17 % of children scoring above the borderline -
clinical cut point (60).
The Australian 3 - year - old sample had a slightly lower level of externalising problems, with a mean (SD) of 49 (10) and 12 % of children scoring above the borderline -
clinical cut point.
Not exact matches
Studies were included if: (a) they were RCTs, (b) the population comprised parents / carers of children up to the age of 18 where at least 50 % had a conduct problem (defined using objective
clinical criteria, the
clinical cut - off
point on a well validated behaviour scale or informal diagnostic criteria), (c) the intervention was a structured, repeatable (manualised) parenting programme (any theoretical basis, setting or mode of delivery) and (d) there was at least one standardised outcome measuring child behaviour.
Researchers conducted a population - based perspective birth cohort study of 7,046 pregnant women, and categorized subjects into three groups: negative anti-tTG (control), intermediate anti-tTG (just below the
clinical cut - off
point used to diagnose patients with celiac disease) and positive anti-tTG (highly probable celiac disease patients).
aChild Behavior Checklist for 4 - 18 years; bChildren who are currently visiting their father who perpetrated intimate partner violence and already separated from their mothers; cThe prevalence was calculated using the
cut - off
points of the CBCL and represents the scores that are
clinical; dStudent - t test was used to compare the scores between the both groups; e Fisher's exact test was used to compare the prevalence of the children classified as
clinical using the
cut - off
points of the CBCL.
Previously, this
cut - off
point was determined in accordance with the Structured
Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; DSM - III - R) for diagnosing adjustment disorder and / or major depressive disorder in Japanese cancer patients (sensitivity, 72.2; specificity, 81.4)[25].
Although in various studies, the
cut - off
points for scale show differences,
cut - off
point of 17 can be considered adequate to determine the
clinical depression.
Cut - off values of 16 and 28
points were used to identify individuals with likely
clinical and subclinical anxiety and / or depression, based on previous validation studies in South Africa.
Consistent with prior short - term outcomes, the primary measure at age 3 years was externalising behaviour problems, assessed by the 99 - item validated Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL 1 1/2 — 5).21 This checklist also quantifies internalising behaviour problems, and yields raw scores (used to compare groups as the primary outcome) and T - scores with a
clinical cut -
point derived from the combined norming sample of children aged 1 through 5 years (used to describe the sample relative to international norms).
Using a
cut off
point of 127 as recommended by Eyberg, 7 approximately one fifth of children (17.9 %, n = 193) were defined as having a behaviour problem of
clinical severity on this scale.
Goodman's recommendation to define the
cut - off
point to the highest 10 % in a
clinical range was based on the estimation of emotional and behavior problems in the UK population [16].