Ian Wilmut and his colleagues brief the press as he applies for a license to use
cloned human embryos to study motor neurone disease.
«Whether used to bring
cloned human embryos to live birth (so - called «reproductive» cloning), or to exploit them as sources of «spare parts» for other humans (so - called «therapeutic» cloning), human cloning diminishes us all,» McQuade added.
But yesterday health minister Tessa Jowell told the House of Commons that «more evidence is required» of the need for research on
cloned human embryos and of its potential risks and benefits.
What somatic - cell nuclear transfer technology produces are
cloned human embryos.
Snuppy's creator, geneticist Woo Suk Hwang, had just been fired by SNU for falsely claiming to have
cloned human embryos.
The group, led by Hwang Woo Suk at Seoul National University,
cloned human embryos using somatic cell nuclear transfer, a process that biologists have used to clone live animals.
Hwang stunned the scientific world when he claimed in two papers published in Science in 2004 and 2005 that he had
cloned human embryos.
He reported in May 2013 using the Dolly technique, known more formally as somatic cell nuclear transfer, to derive stem cells from
cloned human embryos, including from a baby with an inherited disorder.
She also suggested her company had already produced
cloned human embryos and developed a method to screen for imprinting defects in 10 human genes.
Many scientists argue that so - called research cloning, in which
cloned human embryos might be used to produce embryonic stem (ES) cells, could be a boon to medicine.
A California company reported today that it has, for the first time,
cloned human embryos using DNA from adult skin cells.
research; since most of the reports have concentrated on justifying the creation of
cloned human embryos for research into and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, «stem - cells» has become synonymous with «embryonic stem - cells» in the public imagination.
Take the simplest possible human entity —
a cloned human embryo, for example.
But it might also mean the attempt to
clone human embryos for research purposes - and this, in fact, is where the real focus of scientific interest is at the moment.
In 2005 Professor Ian Wilmut, the creator of Dolly the Sheep, was granted a licence to
clone human embryos for medical research - a decision which attracted considerable criticism.
Since then, a number of more or less reputable organisations and scientists claim to have successfully brought
a cloned human embryo to term - but none have been able or willing to confirm this.
However, in 2007 Professor Wilmut announced that he had decided to change to an alternative method of research pioneered in Japan, known as direct reprogramming or «de-differentiation», which could create human embryonic cells without using human eggs or
cloning human embryos.
(A successful derivation of stem cells from
a cloned human embryo was not reported until October 2011, and these stem cells had three sets of chromosomes rather than two.)
Last week, headlines around the world aired that suspicion: «Science «weeks from
cloning human embryo,»» London's Daily Mail shouted on June 15; «Cloned embryos planned,» echoed the Montreal Gazette.
The paper not only seemed to validate the group's claim a year earlier that it had created a single cell line from
a cloned human embryo, but it also reported a huge increase in efficiency for the technique.
In February 2004 Hwang and his research group reported the first embryonic stem cell line derived from
a cloned human embryo.
When a team of South Korean scientists announced in February that they had successfully derived stem cells from
a cloned human embryo, they trumpeted the potential someday to treat disorders from diabetes to spinal cord injuries.
One team in Japan, and another in the US, have independently shown it is possible to produce embryonic - like stem cells directly from a patient's own skin cells without having to create and destroy
a cloned human embryo first.
The disgraced South Korean researchers who claimed to have produced the first stem cells from
a cloned human embryo did in fact achieve a significant first.
The basic process, called nuclear transfer, for making
a cloned human embryo is the same as for other animals.
South Korean scientists announce the world's first successfully
cloned human embryo.
In recent years, it sold off programs for cloning cattle, and abandoned controversial efforts to
clone human embryos in favor of a narrower approach.
Not exact matches
Tonight I ask you to pass legislation to prohibit the most egregious abuses of medical research:
human cloning in all its forms, creating or implanting
embryos for experiments, creating
human - animal hybrids, and buying, selling, or patenting
human embryos.
I am also aware, finally, that we might for now approve
human cloning but only in restricted circumstances - as, for example, the
cloning of preimplantation
embryos (up to fourteen days) for experimental use.
Benedict argued that non-conjugal reproduction such as in vitro fertilization had created «new problems» ¯ the freezing of
human embryos, for instance, and the selective abortion of medically implanted
embryos, together with pre-implantation diagnosis, embryonic stem - cell research, and attempts at
human cloning.
Due to the limited statistical and methodological certainty allowed by biological science, the occurrence of technical errors in biological experiments, the differences between
human and animal
embryo development, the rapidity by which the
cloning procedure produces a totipotent zygote, and the philosophical and theological nature of the question, there is no biological experiment that will prove with moral certainty that a
human zygote never exists during the OAR procedure.
After months of discussion, the group drafted a call to ban all
human cloning and to limit ESCR to the use of the «excess»
embryos created in the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Unlike the controversial method of tissue harvesting that requires some
human embryos to be destroyed, the new
cloning technique can use a patient's own skin cells — combined with an unfertilized
human egg — to create tissue with a DNA match.
Human cloning has been proposed as a means of generating human embryos that can be destroyed to obtain embryonic stem c
Human cloning has been proposed as a means of generating
human embryos that can be destroyed to obtain embryonic stem c
human embryos that can be destroyed to obtain embryonic stem cells.
Kass ably led the council members in a long debate on
cloning, with the result that earlier this year they came out in opposition to
human cloning but divided on the use of
cloned embryos for research purposes.
Example in point: Opposition to embryonic stem cell /
human cloning research: It isn't anti science to oppose treating nascent
human life like a corn crop or manufacturing
embryos, anymore than it is anti science than the Animal Welfare Act the proscribes what can and can't be done in scientific research with some mammals.
Human cloning and other experimental methods of asexual
embryo creation could result in reproduction becoming a part of the manufacturing sector.
Professor Wilmut stressed that he and his team had no intention of trying to produce
cloned humans, but intended only to use the
embryos for research into the distressing degenerative condition Motor Neuron Disease.
In November 2001, scientists from Advanced Cell Technologies, a biotechnology company in Massachusetts, announced that they had
cloned the first
human embryos for the purpose of advancing therapeutic research.
AAAS endorses a legally enforceable ban on efforts to implant a
human cloned embryo for the purpose of reproduction.
West appeared on Meet the Press, a nationally televised US political talk show, to discuss a paper, published that day, in which ACT scientists described the first
cloning of a
human embryo.
There should be a complete ban on the implantation of a
human embryo created by the application of
cloning technology into a womb, or any treatment of such a
human embryo intended to result in its development into a viable infant.
Varmus pointed out that a special review group he created in 1994 to give advice on
embryo research had already judged
human cloning to be «repugnant» — a view he endorsed.
In
humans, the goal of SCNT is «nonreproductive
cloning» — making
embryos, then removing stem cells from the
embryo and cultivating them to grow into tissues that could cure diseases, replace organs and heal injuries.
Within a few months came the first claims — never substantiated — that
human pregnancies were under way with
cloned embryos.
So far, scientists» only options are harvesting new stem cells from
human embryos or
cloning those already harvested, but both procedures are fraught with ethical and regulatory red tape.
Scientists want to be able to
clone early
human embryos, using cells from patients with various diseases, so they can study the diseases in the lab and develop new treatments for them.
Meanwhile, another advance on the
cloning front occurred yesterday in the United Kingdom, where two research teams have at long last gained permission from the government to culture «hybrid»
embryos from injecting
human DNA into cow or rabbit eggs.
A U.S. company has received two British patents that appear to grant it commercial rights to
human embryos created by
cloning.
As
cloning pioneers Rudolf Jaenisch and Ian Wilmut have argued, «if
human cloning is attempted, those
embryos that do not die early may live to become abnormal children and adults; both are troubling outcomes.»