«There's nothing more satisfying that leaving a Lamborghini in
a cloud of water vapor,» Edison said.
As an alien sun blazes through its death throes, it is apparently vaporizing a surrounding swarm of comets, releasing a huge
cloud of water vapor.
Meanwhile, a different physical process in the comet's smooth mid-section was causing water ice to vaporize and flow through porous material to escape as
a cloud of water vapor at the same time (NASA news release, and page on «fluffy snowballs;» David Shiga, New Scientist, November 18, 2010; and Astronomy Picture of the Day).
-- A 100 - story smokestack belches a roiling, white
cloud of water vapor, carbon dioxide and other leftover gases after burning daily as much as 12,000 tons of coal at the Mountaineer Power Plant — a total of 3.5 million tons a year.
The jets in another nebula, K3 - 35, are so powerful, reports Luis Miranda of Spain's Astrophysical Institute of Andalucia, that they are squashing
clouds of water vapor at their tips, 450 billion miles from the star, and causing the water to mase - emit laserlike beams of microwaves.
MARCI images will be used to document the weather on Mars by observing the comings and goings of dust storms, polar frost, and
clouds of water vapor, water ice, and carbon dioxide crystals.
Not exact matches
It does indeed cause some warming
of our planet, and we should thank Providence for that, because without the greenhouse warming
of CO2 and its more potent partners,
water vapor and
clouds, the earth would be too cold to sustain its current abundance
of life.
Astronomers first classified «Oumuamua (Hawaiian for «scout») as a comet, but later observations didn't reveal the telltale signs, including
clouds of dust or
water vapor.
Early results show that as
water vapor increased, thicker
clouds would have reflected up to half
of the sunlight back into space.
The aerosols create additional seeds around which
water vapor can condense, boosting the number
of cloud droplets and making the
cloud more reflective.
There might be abundant stores
of water vapor beneath the
clouds.
For that to be possible, the air must contain even more
water vapor than is usually required to form
clouds, reaching a very high state
of supersaturation.
In a clean
cloud, the same spike
of high
water vapor could last a long time with only a few fortunate droplets in the
vapor's vicinity to munch plentifully and grow much bigger than their neighbors.
«
Water evaporation and condensation processes as well as the strong greenhouse effect of water vapor and clouds decisively influence the energy balance of the atmosphere and the entire planet,» says Matthias Schneider from the KIT Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (
Water evaporation and condensation processes as well as the strong greenhouse effect
of water vapor and clouds decisively influence the energy balance of the atmosphere and the entire planet,» says Matthias Schneider from the KIT Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (
water vapor and
clouds decisively influence the energy balance
of the atmosphere and the entire planet,» says Matthias Schneider from the KIT Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK).
The conclusion that limiting CO2 below 450 ppm will prevent warming beyond two degrees C is based on a conservative definition
of climate sensitivity that considers only the so - called fast feedbacks in the climate system, such as changes in
clouds,
water vapor and melting sea ice.
Cloudy, humid days reverse the cooling from both radiation and sublimation —
cloud cover prevents snow from emitting energy, and condensation
of water vapor on the snow releases latent heat, warming the snow.
The theory
of dangerous climate change is based not just on carbon dioxide warming but on positive and negative feedback effects from
water vapor and phenomena such as
clouds and airborne aerosols from coal burning.
The oceans will boil away and the atmosphere will dry out as
water vapor leaks into space, and temperatures will soar past 700 degrees Fahrenheit, all
of which will transform our planet into a Venusian hell - scape choked with thick
clouds of sulfur and carbon dioxide.
In December 2015, the Dawn team reported a haze
of water vapor above the crater — a
cloud that grew as temperatures rose during the day, and disappeared at night as temperatures dropped and the
water vapor condensed into frost.
The upward trajectory
of the air gives shape to the towering cumulonimbus
clouds, and if the air is heavily laden with
water vapor, it adds mass to the
clouds, as well.
The «factors» are natural phenomena such as
water vapor,
clouds, sea ice, dust and vegetation — all
of which exert varying pulls on the climate.
First noticed by amateur astronomers, the massive storm works like the much smaller convective events on Earth, where air and
water vapor are pushed high into the atmosphere, resulting in the towering, billowing
clouds of a thunderstorm.
Lindzen was allowed to print his «Iris Theory» (stating that global warming might end because
of a natural increase in cooling - type
clouds and less
water vapor - a heat - trapping greenhouse gas) in Geophysical Research Letters (Jun. 26, 2001 - a legitimate peer - reviewed journal).
The small amount
of heat released when
water vapor condenses on ice crystals in Arctic
clouds, which contain both
water and ice, determines the
cloud's survival, according to scientists from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Environment Canada.
The really cold air can't hold all that
water vapor so the
vapor instead condenses around any microscopic particles
of dust, salt or whatever else might be floating in the air and voila, you have a
cloud.
In one sentence: Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory found that when miniscule particles
of airborne dust, thought to be a perfect landing site for
water vapor, are modified by pollution, they change
cloud properties via ice crystal number concentration and ice
water content.
The study, published in the Journal
of Geophysical Research, shows how a few ice crystals can overcome numerous
water droplets in a heated battle for
vapor within cold
clouds.
Because air motions in these
clouds are driven primarily by processes tied to the presence
of liquid, when
water droplets competing for
water vapor lose to ice crystals, an ensuing chain
of events drives the
cloud toward collapse.
When the CLIMAP data proved to be wrong, and was replaced by more reliable estimates showing a substantial tropical surface temperature drop, Lindzen had to abandon his then - current model and move on to other forms
of mischief (first the «cumulus drying» negative
water vapor feedback mechanism, since abandoned, and now the «Iris» effect
cloud feedback mechanism).
Some
of these things are feebacks like
water vapor,
clouds and sea - ice, which could be reasonably presumed to be relevant to the future as well as the past.
The
water is likely erupting from icy volcanoes or sublimation
of ice into
clouds of vapor.
According to NASA,
clouds are important for understanding the «planet's energy balance and
water vapor inventory» and will shed insight into the daily and seasonal behavior
of the atmosphere
of the planet.
Or there might be abundant stores
of water vapor beneath the
clouds.
This cycle includes
water beneath the Earth's surface and in rocks (lithosphere), the
water in plants and animals (biosphere), the
water covering the surface
of the planet in liquid and solid forms, and the
water in the atmosphere in the form
of water vapor,
clouds, and precipitation.
Tompkins, A., 2002: A prognostic parameterization for the subgrid - scale variability
of water vapor and
clouds in large - scale models and its use to diagnose
cloud cover.
Airborne particles in the form
of naturally occurring dusts and human - produced aerosols can serve as ice nuclei, sites around which
water vapor condenses into
clouds.
Precipitation rate was used in the calculation rate not because
of the latent energy in the
water vapor, but because the precipitation rate was treated as proportional to the rate
of transfer
of air (with
water vapor mixed in) from the surface to the upper
cloud level; and the fraction
of each kilogram
of air that was
water vapor was treated as constant.
There is a clear impact on global temperature, too, though the mechanisms are complex: heat released from the oceans; increases in
water vapor, which enhance the greenhouse effect, and redistributions
of clouds.
Together with fast feedbacks processes, via changes
of water vapor,
clouds, and the vertical temperature profile, these slow amplifying feedbacks were responsible for almost the entire glacial - to - interglacial temperature change [59]--[62].
However, this climate sensitivity includes only the effects
of fast feedbacks
of the climate system, such as
water vapor,
clouds, aerosols, and sea ice.
•
Clouds form because cold air doesn't hold as much
water as warm air •
Clouds are made
of water vapor •
Clouds always predict rain • Rain falls when
clouds become too heavy and the rain drips out or bursts the
cloud open • Rain comes from holes in
clouds, sweating
clouds, funnels in
clouds, melted
clouds • Lightning never strikes the same place twice • Thunder occurs when two
clouds collide •
Clouds block wind and slow it down •
Clouds come from somewhere above the sky •
Clouds are made
of smoke How does the 5E model facilitate learning?
Monteverde is best known for its incredible
cloud forests, which are forests at higher altitudes where
water vapor hugs the land in the form
of billowing mist.
Foregrounding their conditions
of presentation, ownership, reception, and provenance, artworks, artifacts, and their passage through time and narrative discourses are played off the figure
of the
cloud chamber — an early twentieth century device that used
water vapor to mark the movement
of subatomic particles, and which laid the ground for the study
of particle physics by photographing the patterns these movements produced.
In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols,
cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition
of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect
of CO2 +
water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.
«By comparing the response
of clouds and
water vapor to ENSO forcing in nature with that in AMIP simulations by some leading climate models, an earlier evaluation
of tropical
cloud and
water vapor feedbacks has revealed two common biases in the models: (1) an underestimate
of the strength
of the negative
cloud albedo feedback and (2) an overestimate
of the positive feedback from the greenhouse effect
of water vapor.
Further, your talk
of «increases in both
water vapor and
clouds during warming» is wholly misplaced.
Alternatively, more direct observations
of that radiative imbalance would be nice, or better theoretical and observational understanding
of the
water vapor and
cloud feedbacks, or more paleoclimate data which can give us constraints on historical feedbacks, but my guess is that ocean heat content measurements would be the best near term bet for improving our understanding
of this issue.
To quote from the results, «CF [
cloud fraction] and CWV [column
water vapor] are understandably highly positively correlated, as
water vapor is one
of the principal [misspelled] components required for
cloud formation.»
Data from satellite observations «suggest that greenhouse models ignore negative feedback produced by
clouds and by
water vapor, that diminish the warming effects»
of human carbon dioxide emissions.
In Spencer and Braswell (2008), and to an even greater extent in his blog article, Spencer tries to introduce the rather peculiar notion
of «internal radiative forcing» as distinct from
cloud or
water vapor feedback.